Energy,
9 according to which an integrated energy
network based on the smart grid will be developed. In April 2016, the NDRC and the NEA
released the Action Plan for Innovation in the
Energy Technology Revolution (2016–30)
10 and
the Roadmap for Major Innovation Activities in
Energy Technology Revolution,
11
which
describe the plan to develop smart grid power
transmission and transform end-user equipment.
China’s smart grid focuses on the integrated
and coordinated development of power generation, transmission, conversion, distribution, consumption and scheduling. State Grid Corporation
of China proposed in 2009 to develop a smart
grid based on robust grid architecture, supported
by a communications and information platform
and incorporating intelligent control, all voltage
levels and all parts of the power system,
including “power, information and business
flows.”
12 China Southern Power Grid researches
such fields as new energy, flexible DC power
transmission, intelligent substations, power distribution systems, integration of distributed
energy resources, microgrids, and power use and
information and communications technologies.
The company is also developing green, reliable,
smart and efficient 3C (computer, communications, control) power grids to make them efficient, resource-saving and environmentally
friendly.
13
(2) USA
The US government designed a strategic framework for smart grid development in the Energy
Independence and Security Act of 2007.
14
The U.S. Department of Energy issued the Smart
Grid System Report
15 in July 2009, which
defines the scope, characteristics and indicators
of smart grids. The new version of the Estimating
the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid,
16
published by the Electric Power Research Institute in April 2011, devised a method to calculate
the cost and benefits of smart grids. The
All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy as a Path to
Sustainable Economic Growth,
17 issued by the
Obama administration in May 2014, proposed
developing solar, wind, geothermal and other
renewable types of energy to bolster economic
growth and protect the environment. In January
2016, the U.S. Department of Energy made
public its new blueprint for the modern power
grid, which aims to integrate conventional
energy, renewable energy, energy storage and
energy efficiency to ensure grid reliability and
protect it from cyberattack and climate change.
18
Smart grids will, therefore, play a significant role
in driving the transition to low-carbon energy.
The USA’s smart grid underscores resilience,
reliability, affordability, flexibility and sustainability. Currently, the grid transmits electricity
from large remote power plants via high-voltage
transmission lines to local distribution networks,
which deliver the power to industrial, commercial and residential users, primarily with one-way
electricity flow. In the future, the smart grid will
still need large power plants for energy, but it
9
National Development and Reform Commission,
National Energy Administration, and Ministry of Industry
and Information Technology, Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Internet + Smart Energy,
2016, pp. 5–7.
10
National Development and Reform Commission and
National Energy Administration, Action Plan for Innovation in the Energy Technology Revolution (2016–30),
2016, p. 6.
11
National Development and Reform Commission and
National Energy Administration, Roadmap for Major
Innovation Activities in Energy Technology Revolution,
2016, pp. 67–69.
12
Strong Smart Grid https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%
9D%9A%E5%BC%BA%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%
E7%94%B5%E7%BD%91/9399809?fr=aladdin.
13
China Southern Power Grid, Corporate Social Responsibility Report 2016, pp. 19–27.
14
U.S. Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act
of 2007, pp. 293–304.
15
DOE, Smart Grid System Report, 2009.
16
EPRI, Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart
Grid, 2011.
17
Executive Office of the President of the United States,
The All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy as a Path to
Sustainable Economic Growth, 2014, pp. 31–39.
18
State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Analysis
Report on Grid Development and Application of New
Technologies in and outside China, Beijing: China
Electric Power Press, 2016, pp. 22–23.
Special Report 3: A Study of China’s Technology Revolution
323
9 according to which an integrated energy
network based on the smart grid will be developed. In April 2016, the NDRC and the NEA
released the Action Plan for Innovation in the
Energy Technology Revolution (2016–30)
10 and
the Roadmap for Major Innovation Activities in
Energy Technology Revolution,
11
which
describe the plan to develop smart grid power
transmission and transform end-user equipment.
China’s smart grid focuses on the integrated
and coordinated development of power generation, transmission, conversion, distribution, consumption and scheduling. State Grid Corporation
of China proposed in 2009 to develop a smart
grid based on robust grid architecture, supported
by a communications and information platform
and incorporating intelligent control, all voltage
levels and all parts of the power system,
including “power, information and business
flows.”
12 China Southern Power Grid researches
such fields as new energy, flexible DC power
transmission, intelligent substations, power distribution systems, integration of distributed
energy resources, microgrids, and power use and
information and communications technologies.
The company is also developing green, reliable,
smart and efficient 3C (computer, communications, control) power grids to make them efficient, resource-saving and environmentally
friendly.
13
(2) USA
The US government designed a strategic framework for smart grid development in the Energy
Independence and Security Act of 2007.
14
The U.S. Department of Energy issued the Smart
Grid System Report
15 in July 2009, which
defines the scope, characteristics and indicators
of smart grids. The new version of the Estimating
the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid,
16
published by the Electric Power Research Institute in April 2011, devised a method to calculate
the cost and benefits of smart grids. The
All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy as a Path to
Sustainable Economic Growth,
17 issued by the
Obama administration in May 2014, proposed
developing solar, wind, geothermal and other
renewable types of energy to bolster economic
growth and protect the environment. In January
2016, the U.S. Department of Energy made
public its new blueprint for the modern power
grid, which aims to integrate conventional
energy, renewable energy, energy storage and
energy efficiency to ensure grid reliability and
protect it from cyberattack and climate change.
18
Smart grids will, therefore, play a significant role
in driving the transition to low-carbon energy.
The USA’s smart grid underscores resilience,
reliability, affordability, flexibility and sustainability. Currently, the grid transmits electricity
from large remote power plants via high-voltage
transmission lines to local distribution networks,
which deliver the power to industrial, commercial and residential users, primarily with one-way
electricity flow. In the future, the smart grid will
still need large power plants for energy, but it
9
National Development and Reform Commission,
National Energy Administration, and Ministry of Industry
and Information Technology, Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Internet + Smart Energy,
2016, pp. 5–7.
10
National Development and Reform Commission and
National Energy Administration, Action Plan for Innovation in the Energy Technology Revolution (2016–30),
2016, p. 6.
11
National Development and Reform Commission and
National Energy Administration, Roadmap for Major
Innovation Activities in Energy Technology Revolution,
2016, pp. 67–69.
12
Strong Smart Grid https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%
9D%9A%E5%BC%BA%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%
E7%94%B5%E7%BD%91/9399809?fr=aladdin.
13
China Southern Power Grid, Corporate Social Responsibility Report 2016, pp. 19–27.
14
U.S. Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act
of 2007, pp. 293–304.
15
DOE, Smart Grid System Report, 2009.
16
EPRI, Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart
Grid, 2011.
17
Executive Office of the President of the United States,
The All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy as a Path to
Sustainable Economic Growth, 2014, pp. 31–39.
18
State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Analysis
Report on Grid Development and Application of New
Technologies in and outside China, Beijing: China
Electric Power Press, 2016, pp. 22–23.
Special Report 3: A Study of China’s Technology Revolution
323