will integrate and coordinate different types of
load, including distributed power, electric vehicles and smart homes through a communications
and control platform. One-way electricity flow
will no longer be predominant (Fig. 27 and 28).
(3) Europe
Development of the smart grid became an
important driver for the EU to deliver its
20-20-20 climate and energy targets for 2020.
19
The European Commission published Smart
Grids: From Innovation to Deployment
20 in
2011, in which it sets out its policy for the future
development of the European grid. The
Pan-European Ten-Year Network Development
Plan,
21 released in July 2014, defines 2030 as an
important milestone and describes the overall
development path for the European grid. The
European Network of Transmission System
Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) released the
Fig. 27 Conventional power grid
Fig. 28 Future smart grid
19
European Commission, Energy 2020: A strategy for
Competitive, Sustainable and Secure energy, 2010,
pp. 18–20.
20
European Commission, Smart Grids: From Innovation
to Deployment, 2011.
21
ENTSO-E, Ten-Year Network Development Plan 2014,
2014.
324
S. Zifeng and N. Dickens