21 Green Port Indicators: A Review
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is beneficial to the environmental resources in the foreseeable future. Environmental
planning is important in determining how sustainable seaports are built and developed
[6].
21.2 Aim
Studies on green ports seem to increase after 2010. Most green port studies have
generally focused on evaluating the benefits of green port implementation, identifying
managerial and policy tools required for green ports, transnational initiatives and
strategies to improve the green port performance and determining priority green port
determinants in order to improve green port performance. The aim of this review
paper is to identify the main determinants for improving the green port performance,
thus contributing to the fourth category of green port literature. Since ports are
involved in activities that are not exactly similar to each other, the presentation of
a general list of main determinants or indicators will assist the port management
to select those that can provide a significant impact towards achieving a green port
status.
21.3 Identification of Important Green Port Indications
Green port indicator is used to measure the port’s green performance. The indicators can be identified through several methods. The indicators can form a significant
measurement avenue to evaluate the port’s status. There are several indicators in
ports and it varies depending on the characteristics of ports such as the types of cargo
handled, size and locality. At present, the number of research concerning green port
indicators is still limited although research on green port has generally increased
after 2010. In an earlier study, [7] argues that detrimental effects on the port environment are caused by identified port activities, which include oil spills, waste dumping
in the water, cargo spills by chemical carriers and tankers, air pollution from bulk
cargo handling, noise and vibration from cargo handling activities, ballast water
discharge, collision and stranding of vessels. Hence, necessary measures must be
taken to minimise the detrimental effects of those activities. A study by [8] has identified the green criteria of a seaport (GCS) using the Factor Analysis (FA) to evaluate
port’s green performance. The study was conducted on five ports in Korea. The factor
analysis was conducted based on the criteria suggested in other previous research.
The research has resulted in the development of green criteria of a seaport (GCS)
to evaluate the port’s green performance. The GCS consists of fifteen indicators
grouped into five main categories. Category one is easing the environmental burden;
involving the utilisation of alternative fuels, incentives of pollution reduction, using
renewable energy, and recycling of dredging sand recycling. Category two involves
environmental friendly method and technology development of construction, whilst
239
is beneficial to the environmental resources in the foreseeable future. Environmental
planning is important in determining how sustainable seaports are built and developed
[6].
21.2 Aim
Studies on green ports seem to increase after 2010. Most green port studies have
generally focused on evaluating the benefits of green port implementation, identifying
managerial and policy tools required for green ports, transnational initiatives and
strategies to improve the green port performance and determining priority green port
determinants in order to improve green port performance. The aim of this review
paper is to identify the main determinants for improving the green port performance,
thus contributing to the fourth category of green port literature. Since ports are
involved in activities that are not exactly similar to each other, the presentation of
a general list of main determinants or indicators will assist the port management
to select those that can provide a significant impact towards achieving a green port
status.
21.3 Identification of Important Green Port Indications
Green port indicator is used to measure the port’s green performance. The indicators can be identified through several methods. The indicators can form a significant
measurement avenue to evaluate the port’s status. There are several indicators in
ports and it varies depending on the characteristics of ports such as the types of cargo
handled, size and locality. At present, the number of research concerning green port
indicators is still limited although research on green port has generally increased
after 2010. In an earlier study, [7] argues that detrimental effects on the port environment are caused by identified port activities, which include oil spills, waste dumping
in the water, cargo spills by chemical carriers and tankers, air pollution from bulk
cargo handling, noise and vibration from cargo handling activities, ballast water
discharge, collision and stranding of vessels. Hence, necessary measures must be
taken to minimise the detrimental effects of those activities. A study by [8] has identified the green criteria of a seaport (GCS) using the Factor Analysis (FA) to evaluate
port’s green performance. The study was conducted on five ports in Korea. The factor
analysis was conducted based on the criteria suggested in other previous research.
The research has resulted in the development of green criteria of a seaport (GCS)
to evaluate the port’s green performance. The GCS consists of fifteen indicators
grouped into five main categories. Category one is easing the environmental burden;
involving the utilisation of alternative fuels, incentives of pollution reduction, using
renewable energy, and recycling of dredging sand recycling. Category two involves
environmental friendly method and technology development of construction, whilst