114
A. K. Samanta et al.
Thus it is evident from this preliminary experimental data observed that the fire
retardant performance of 12.5 % urea and 15 % ammonium sulfamate (AS) treated
jute fabric is found to be superior even as compared to the same or higher dosages
commercially available/non-ecofriendly fire-retardant formulations (15 % saraflamCWF) and is also better from similar dosages of treatment with urea and sulfamic
acid treatment. However, to establish 15 % ammonium sulfamate and 12.5 % urea
treatment with 3 % MgCl 2 as the catalyst to be useful fire-retardant formulation
for jute, it is essential to analyze the wash stability of treated jute fabric samples
and to understand changes in functional groups pattern by FTIR analysis before
and after different fire retardant treatments before optimizing the said fire-retardant
formulation using suitable statistical design of the experiment.
3.3 Test of Wash Stability of Differently Fire Retardant
Treated Jute Fabrics
After normal washing of the said fire retardant treated jute fabrics with 5gpl nonionic
detergent solution for 30 min at 30 °C, that is, at room temperature as per IS-II
method of wash, the fire retardancy performance in terms of LOI values is found
to be decreased to some extent after 1–5 cycles of washing and these results are
shown in Table 3. It is observed that formulation 1e (J-U-AS – i.e., 15 % AS +
12.5 % urea with 3 % MgCl 2 catalyst) the reduction in LOI value per cycle is almost
two to three unit per wash cycle, while for formulation 2f (J-U-SA) the reduction
rate of LOI values are almost same, but after five wash cycles formulation 1e (JU-AS) shows higher LOI as 31 while formulation 2f shows LOI as 26 after five
wash cycles. Considering the loss of LOI values in washing up to five cycles, posttreatment with 50 gpl arkofix–NEC as acrylic–poly-carboxylate binder and 30gpl
ceralube–HD (a polyolefin-based softener) after treatment of jute fabric with 15 %
AS and 12.5 % urea + 3 % MgCl 2 (as a special wash fast recipe, i.e., formulation
A. K. Samanta et al.
Thus it is evident from this preliminary experimental data observed that the fire
retardant performance of 12.5 % urea and 15 % ammonium sulfamate (AS) treated
jute fabric is found to be superior even as compared to the same or higher dosages
commercially available/non-ecofriendly fire-retardant formulations (15 % saraflamCWF) and is also better from similar dosages of treatment with urea and sulfamic
acid treatment. However, to establish 15 % ammonium sulfamate and 12.5 % urea
treatment with 3 % MgCl 2 as the catalyst to be useful fire-retardant formulation
for jute, it is essential to analyze the wash stability of treated jute fabric samples
and to understand changes in functional groups pattern by FTIR analysis before
and after different fire retardant treatments before optimizing the said fire-retardant
formulation using suitable statistical design of the experiment.
3.3 Test of Wash Stability of Differently Fire Retardant
Treated Jute Fabrics
After normal washing of the said fire retardant treated jute fabrics with 5gpl nonionic
detergent solution for 30 min at 30 °C, that is, at room temperature as per IS-II
method of wash, the fire retardancy performance in terms of LOI values is found
to be decreased to some extent after 1–5 cycles of washing and these results are
shown in Table 3. It is observed that formulation 1e (J-U-AS – i.e., 15 % AS +
12.5 % urea with 3 % MgCl 2 catalyst) the reduction in LOI value per cycle is almost
two to three unit per wash cycle, while for formulation 2f (J-U-SA) the reduction
rate of LOI values are almost same, but after five wash cycles formulation 1e (JU-AS) shows higher LOI as 31 while formulation 2f shows LOI as 26 after five
wash cycles. Considering the loss of LOI values in washing up to five cycles, posttreatment with 50 gpl arkofix–NEC as acrylic–poly-carboxylate binder and 30gpl
ceralube–HD (a polyolefin-based softener) after treatment of jute fabric with 15 %
AS and 12.5 % urea + 3 % MgCl 2 (as a special wash fast recipe, i.e., formulation