Numerical Investigation on Optimized Convergent Divergent …
97
Fig. 3 Flowchart of firefly algorithm
2.2 Surrogate Model
Artificial intelligence is widely used in engineering applications. It is similar to the
human neural system. The backpropagation neural network model consists of three
layers, they are input, hidden, and output layer, and it is used as a surrogate model.
The computations are passed forward from the input to output layers; calculated
errors are propagated backward to update the weights. After a number of training
sessions, the weight reaches optimum values, which gives the outputs close to the
targets.
3 Numerical Simulation
In-house, MATLAB code is written to carry out the computational work. Initially,
the data is generated from mathematical modelling, and it is used to train the neural
network. The output of NN models are compared with mathematical modelling.
97
Fig. 3 Flowchart of firefly algorithm
2.2 Surrogate Model
Artificial intelligence is widely used in engineering applications. It is similar to the
human neural system. The backpropagation neural network model consists of three
layers, they are input, hidden, and output layer, and it is used as a surrogate model.
The computations are passed forward from the input to output layers; calculated
errors are propagated backward to update the weights. After a number of training
sessions, the weight reaches optimum values, which gives the outputs close to the
targets.
3 Numerical Simulation
In-house, MATLAB code is written to carry out the computational work. Initially,
the data is generated from mathematical modelling, and it is used to train the neural
network. The output of NN models are compared with mathematical modelling.