immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antioxidant,
anticancer, antidiabetic (Xu et al. 2015), or cosmetic-based products (Rajakumar
2018).
Table 4.5 shows some sources of phytosterols, vegetable oil, and microalgae. It is
worth noting that the microalgae oil has similar or higher phytosterols than the
vegetable oils.
Among microalgae, the families Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and
Phaeophyceae are the main sterol producers (Hernandez-Ledesma and Herrero
2013), and Ahmed et al. (2015) reported, after screening several Australian isolates,
that Pavlova lutheri, Tetraselmis sp. M8, and Nannochloropsis sp. BR2 are the main
phytosterol producers of microalgae.
Yasukawa et al. (1996) studied sterols in Chlorella vulgaris and found ergosterol
peroxide, Prakash et al. (2010) identified the sterols 24-oxocholesterol acetate,
*
MAAs – mycosporine-like amino acids
† DMS - dimethylsulphite
Fig. 4.3 Wide range of antioxidants compounds of great industrial interest that can be produced by
microalgae. MAAs mycosporine-like amino acids, DMS dimethylsulfite (Sansone and Brunet 2019)
Table 4.5 Sources of phytosterols
Source of phytosterols
Content (g/kg)
References
Corn oil
8.09–15.57
Piironen et al. (2000)
Wheat germ oil
19.7
Rice bran oil
32.25
Microalgae oil
7–34
Ryckebosch et al. (2014)
4 Phycoremediation: A Sustainable Biorefinery Approach
115
anticancer, antidiabetic (Xu et al. 2015), or cosmetic-based products (Rajakumar
2018).
Table 4.5 shows some sources of phytosterols, vegetable oil, and microalgae. It is
worth noting that the microalgae oil has similar or higher phytosterols than the
vegetable oils.
Among microalgae, the families Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and
Phaeophyceae are the main sterol producers (Hernandez-Ledesma and Herrero
2013), and Ahmed et al. (2015) reported, after screening several Australian isolates,
that Pavlova lutheri, Tetraselmis sp. M8, and Nannochloropsis sp. BR2 are the main
phytosterol producers of microalgae.
Yasukawa et al. (1996) studied sterols in Chlorella vulgaris and found ergosterol
peroxide, Prakash et al. (2010) identified the sterols 24-oxocholesterol acetate,
*
MAAs – mycosporine-like amino acids
† DMS - dimethylsulphite
Fig. 4.3 Wide range of antioxidants compounds of great industrial interest that can be produced by
microalgae. MAAs mycosporine-like amino acids, DMS dimethylsulfite (Sansone and Brunet 2019)
Table 4.5 Sources of phytosterols
Source of phytosterols
Content (g/kg)
References
Corn oil
8.09–15.57
Piironen et al. (2000)
Wheat germ oil
19.7
Rice bran oil
32.25
Microalgae oil
7–34
Ryckebosch et al. (2014)
4 Phycoremediation: A Sustainable Biorefinery Approach
115