of the nanoribbons are in the range of a few nanometres upon the completion of
nucleation and can increase to thousands of nanometres following growth process.
The thickness of each nanoribbon is determined to be 5 nm [50]. The composite
hydrogel has high adsorption capability against crystal violet (CV), methylene blue
(MB) and radioactive iodine. Figure 6.15b presents the adsorption profile against
CV and MB, in which three adsorption stages are clearly identified including 0–3,
3–11 and 11–20 h. By fitting the curves as first-order kinetic processes, the kinetic
adsorption rates are calculated. The adsorption behaviour against radioactive iodine
is different from those against CV and MB (Fig. 6.15c). The adsorption rate for
iodine reaches high values during the first 3 h of the adsorption process.
References
1. Ebelmen M (1846) Ann Chim Phys 16:129–166
2. Beelen TPM (1996) Inorganic particle gels. Curr Opin Colloid Inter Sci 1(6):718–725. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(96)80073-2
3. Weiser H (1923) Cupric oxide Jellies. J Phys Chem 27(7):685–691
4. Finch L (1914) Cupric oxide jellies. J Phys Chem 18(1):26–33
5. Danks AE, Hall SR, Schnepp Z (2016) The evolution of ‘sol–gel’ chemistry as a technique for
materials synthesis. Mater Horizons 3(2):91–112. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5MH00260E
6. Pierre AC, Pajonk GM (2002) Chemistry of aerogels and their applications. Chem Rev 102
(11):4243–4266. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0101306
7. Chung I, Kanatzidis MG (2014) Metal chalcogenides: a rich source of nonlinear optical
materials. Chem Mater 26(1):849–869. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm401737s
8. Bag S, Arachchige IU, Kanatzidis MG (2008) Aerogels from metal chalcogenides and their
emerging unique properties. J Mater Chem 18(31):3628–3632. https://doi.org/10.1039/
B804011G
9. Livage J, Henry M, Sanchez C (1988) Sol–gel chemistry of transition metal oxides. Prog
Solid State Chem 18(4):259–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6786(88)90005-2
10. Sanderson RT (1951) An interpretation of bond lengths and a classification of bonds. Science
114(2973):670–672
11. Kistler S (1932) Coherent expanded-aerogels. J Phys Chem 36(1):52–64
12. Herrmann G, Iden R, Mielke M, Teich F, Ziegler B (1995) On the way to commercial
production of silica aerogel. J Non-Cryst Solids 186 (Supplement C):380–387. https://doi.org/
10.1016/0022-3093(95)90076-4
13. Carcouët CCMC, van de Put MWP, Mezari B, Magusin PCMM, Laven J, Bomans PHH,
Friedrich H, Esteves ACC, Sommerdijk NAJM, van Benthem RATM, de With G (2014)
Nucleation and growth of monodisperse silica nanoparticles. Nano Lett 14(3):1433–1438.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404550d
14. Nassif N, Bouvet O, Rager MN, Roux C, Coradin T, Livage J (2002) Living bacteria in silica
gels. Nat Mater 1(1):42
15. Finnie KS, Bartlett JR, Woolfrey JL (2000) Encapsulation of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a
silica host. J Mater Chem 10(5):1099–1101
16. Mutlu BR, Yeom S, Tong H-W, Wackett LP, Aksan A (2013) Silicon alkoxide cross-linked
silica nanoparticle gels for encapsulation of bacterial biocatalysts. J Mater Chem A 1
(36):11051–11060. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA12303K
17. Dorcheh AS, Abbasi M (2008) Silica aerogel; synthesis, properties and characterization.
J Mater Process Tech 199(1):10–26
206
6 Inorganic Gels
nucleation and can increase to thousands of nanometres following growth process.
The thickness of each nanoribbon is determined to be 5 nm [50]. The composite
hydrogel has high adsorption capability against crystal violet (CV), methylene blue
(MB) and radioactive iodine. Figure 6.15b presents the adsorption profile against
CV and MB, in which three adsorption stages are clearly identified including 0–3,
3–11 and 11–20 h. By fitting the curves as first-order kinetic processes, the kinetic
adsorption rates are calculated. The adsorption behaviour against radioactive iodine
is different from those against CV and MB (Fig. 6.15c). The adsorption rate for
iodine reaches high values during the first 3 h of the adsorption process.
References
1. Ebelmen M (1846) Ann Chim Phys 16:129–166
2. Beelen TPM (1996) Inorganic particle gels. Curr Opin Colloid Inter Sci 1(6):718–725. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(96)80073-2
3. Weiser H (1923) Cupric oxide Jellies. J Phys Chem 27(7):685–691
4. Finch L (1914) Cupric oxide jellies. J Phys Chem 18(1):26–33
5. Danks AE, Hall SR, Schnepp Z (2016) The evolution of ‘sol–gel’ chemistry as a technique for
materials synthesis. Mater Horizons 3(2):91–112. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5MH00260E
6. Pierre AC, Pajonk GM (2002) Chemistry of aerogels and their applications. Chem Rev 102
(11):4243–4266. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0101306
7. Chung I, Kanatzidis MG (2014) Metal chalcogenides: a rich source of nonlinear optical
materials. Chem Mater 26(1):849–869. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm401737s
8. Bag S, Arachchige IU, Kanatzidis MG (2008) Aerogels from metal chalcogenides and their
emerging unique properties. J Mater Chem 18(31):3628–3632. https://doi.org/10.1039/
B804011G
9. Livage J, Henry M, Sanchez C (1988) Sol–gel chemistry of transition metal oxides. Prog
Solid State Chem 18(4):259–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6786(88)90005-2
10. Sanderson RT (1951) An interpretation of bond lengths and a classification of bonds. Science
114(2973):670–672
11. Kistler S (1932) Coherent expanded-aerogels. J Phys Chem 36(1):52–64
12. Herrmann G, Iden R, Mielke M, Teich F, Ziegler B (1995) On the way to commercial
production of silica aerogel. J Non-Cryst Solids 186 (Supplement C):380–387. https://doi.org/
10.1016/0022-3093(95)90076-4
13. Carcouët CCMC, van de Put MWP, Mezari B, Magusin PCMM, Laven J, Bomans PHH,
Friedrich H, Esteves ACC, Sommerdijk NAJM, van Benthem RATM, de With G (2014)
Nucleation and growth of monodisperse silica nanoparticles. Nano Lett 14(3):1433–1438.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404550d
14. Nassif N, Bouvet O, Rager MN, Roux C, Coradin T, Livage J (2002) Living bacteria in silica
gels. Nat Mater 1(1):42
15. Finnie KS, Bartlett JR, Woolfrey JL (2000) Encapsulation of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a
silica host. J Mater Chem 10(5):1099–1101
16. Mutlu BR, Yeom S, Tong H-W, Wackett LP, Aksan A (2013) Silicon alkoxide cross-linked
silica nanoparticle gels for encapsulation of bacterial biocatalysts. J Mater Chem A 1
(36):11051–11060. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA12303K
17. Dorcheh AS, Abbasi M (2008) Silica aerogel; synthesis, properties and characterization.
J Mater Process Tech 199(1):10–26
206
6 Inorganic Gels