Table 8.1 (continued)
Chemical
doping method
Doping
elements
Precursors
Visible light-driven
photocatalysis
Ref.
Microemulsion N
Ti source: TBOT, N
source: triethylamine,
urea, thiourea, and
hydrazine hydrate
Photodegradation of rhodamine B and
2,4-dichlorophenol
[41]
Ag
Ti source: TTIP
Decomposition of phenol
[80]
Ag source: silver
nitrate
Chemical
precipitation
C
Ti source: TiCl 4
Photodegradation of
4-chlorophenol
[81]
C source:
tetrabutylammonium
hydroxide
N
Ti source: TBOT/Ti
(SO 4 ) 2
Photodegradation rate of
2,4-DCP or toluene
[42, 64,
82, 83]
N source: NH 4 OH,
NH 4 NO 3
F
Ti source: TTIP
Photocatalytic oxidation
of acetone
[84]
F source: NH 4 F
Fe
Ti source: K 2 TiF 6
Photocatalytic decomposition of bromocresol green
[85]
Fe source:
FeSO 4 Á7H 2 O
Chemical
deposition
Oxygen
vacancies
Ti source: TTIP (CVD
method)
Photodegradation of
methylene blue
[86]
Sn
4+
Ti source: TiCl 4
Photodegradation of
phenol
[87]
Sn
4+ source: SnCl 4
Plasma-enhanced
chemical vapor deposition (PCVD)
Nb, Ta, or
F
Ti source: titanium
alkoxides/titanium
sheets
Photodegradation for
methyl orange
[88, 89]
Nb source: niobium
ethoxide
Ta source: tantalum
ethoxide
F source: t-butyl fluoride/NH 4 F
Chemical vapor deposition (PCVD)
Impregnation
Fe
Ti source: P25/titanate
nanotubes
Photodegradation of
oxalic acid or
photocatalytic oxidation of
acetone
[90–92]
Fe source: Fe(acac) 3 /
(Fe(NO 3 ) 3 )/Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 /
FeCl 3
Photocatalytic degradation of acetophenone
(continued)
200
8 Modifications of Photocatalysts by Doping Methods