Table 8.1 Doping-modified TiO 2 photocatalysts prepared by different chemical methods
Chemical
doping method
Doping
elements
Precursors
Visible light-driven
photocatalysis
Ref.
Sol–gel
N
Ti source: TBOT/
TTIP, N source: urea/
NH 4 Cl/thiourea/
ethylmethylamine
Photocatalytic degradation
of methylene blue
[62–66]
Effective agents against
both bacteria and stearic
acid using a white light
source
C
Ti source: TTIP/TiCl 4 Photodegradation of gaseous toluene or
4-chlorophenol
[67, 68]
C source: carbon particle ethanol/melamine borate
Fe
Ti source: TTIP/TBOT Photodegradation of active
yellow XRG or methyl
orange
[10, 29]
Fe source: Fe
(NO 3 ) 3 Á9H 2 O
B and N
Ti source: TTIP/TBOT Hydrogen evolution from
splitting water
[69–71]
N source: NH 4 OH/
urea
B source: H 3 BO 3
Hydrothermal
N
Ti source: TiN/TiCl 4
Hydrogen evolution from
splitting water;
photocatalytic degradation
of methyl orange
[72, 73]
N source: TiN/Llysine
Ti
3+
Ti source: titanium
powder and
hydrochloric acid/
TBOT and NaBH 4
Evolved H 2 under visible
light; photodegradation of
methyl orange
[33, 74]
C
Ti source: TBOT/TTIP Photocatalytic degradation
of methyl orange
[75]
C source: ethanol
B and N
Ti source: TTIP/TBOT Photodegradation for rhodamine B or methyl
orange
[76, 77]
N source: NH 4 OH/
NH 3 / urea
B source: H 3 BO 3
Ga
3+ , Y
3+ ,
or Nb
5+
Ti source: TTIP
Dye-sensitized solar cells
(DSSCs).
[78]
Ga
3+ source: gallium
nitrate
Y
3+ source: yttrium
chloride
Nb
5+ source: niobium
pentachloride
Fe and N
Ti source: TBOT
Photodegradation of rhodamine B
[79]
N source: NH 4 Cl
Fe source: Fe(NO 3 ) 3
La and C
Ti source: Ti(SO 4 ) 2 /
TBOT/TTIP
Photodegradation of
methyl orange
[21]
La
3+ source: lanthanum nitrate
C source: glucose
(continued)
8.1 Preparation of Visible Light-Responsive TiO 2 Photocatalysts by. . .
199