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111. Lei J, Li H, Zhang J et al (2016) Mixed-phase TiO 2 nanomaterials as efficient photocatalysts.
In: Low-dimensional and nanostructured materials and devices. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 423–460
112. Xu Q, Ma Y, Zhang J et al (2011) Enhancing hydrogen production activity and suppressing
CO formation from photocatalytic biomass reforming on Pt/TiO 2 by optimizing anatase–rutile
phase structure. J Catal 278(2):329–335
113. Kho YK, Iwase A, Teoh WY et al (2010) Photocatalytic H 2 evolution over TiO 2 nanoparticles.
The synergistic effect of anatase and rutile. J Phys Chem C 114(6):2821–2829
114. Xu F, Xiao W, Cheng B et al (2014) Direct Z-scheme anatase/rutile bi-phase nanocomposite
TiO 2 nanofiber photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic H 2 -production activity. Int J
Hydrog Energy 39(28):15394–15402
115. Rosseler O, Shankar MV, Karkmaz-Le Du M et al (2010) Solar light photocatalytic hydrogen
production from water over Pt and Au/TiO 2 (anatase/rutile) photocatalysts: influence of noble
metal and porogen promotion. J Catal 269(1):179–190
116. Marcı G, Addamo M, Augugliaro V et al (2003) Photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on
irradiated TiO 2 : comparison of degradation performance in humidified air, in water and in
water containing a zwitterionic surfactant. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 160(1):105–114
117. Liu L, Zhao H, Andino JM et al (2012) Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction with H 2 O on TiO 2
nanocrystals: comparison of anatase, rutile, and brookite polymorphs and exploration of
surface chemistry. ACS Catal 2(8):1817–1828
118. Zhao H, Liu L, Andino JM et al (2013) Bicrystalline TiO 2 with controllable anatase–brookite
phase content for enhanced CO 2 photoreduction to fuels. J Mater Chem A 1(28):8209–8216
119. Frank NS, Bard AJ (1977) Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide ion in aqueous
solutions at titanium dioxide powder. J Am Chem Soc 99(1):303–304
120. Xu H, Li G, Zhu G et al (2015) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rutile/anatase TiO 2
heterojunction nanoflowers. Catal Commun 62:52–56
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low temperature and the correlation between phase composition and photocatalytic activity. J
Environ Sci 20(10):1263–1267
101. Wu M, Long J, Huang A et al (1999) Microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal synthesis and
characterization of nanosize rutile and anatase particles. Langmuir 15(26):8822–8825
102. Shen X, Zhang J, Tian B (2011) Microemulsion-mediated solvothermal synthesis and
photocatalytic properties of crystalline titania with controllable phases of anatase and rutile.
J Hazard Mater 192(2):651–657
103. Zachariah A, Priya R, Baiju KV, Shukla S et al (2008) Synergistic effect in photocatalysis as
observed for mixed-phase nanocrystalline titania processed via sol-gel solvent mixing and
calcination. J Phys Chem C 112:11345–11356
104. Bojinova A, Kralchevska R, Poulios I et al (2007) Anatase/rutile TiO 2 composites: influence of
the mixing ratio on the photocatalytic degradation of malachite green and orange II in slurry.
Mater Chem Phys 106(2):187–192
105. Liu Z, Zhang X, Nishimoto S et al (2007) Anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles on rutile TiO 2 nanorods:
a heterogeneous nanostructure via layer-by-layer assembly. Langmuir 23(22):10916–10919
106. Nair RG, Paul S, Samdarshi SK (2011) High UV/visible light activity of mixed phase titania: a
generic mechanism. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 95(7):1901–1907
107. Gouma PI, Mills MJ (2001) Anatase-to-rutile transformation in titania powders. J Am Ceram
Soc 84(3):619–622
108. Zhang J, Li M, Feng Z et al (2006) UV Raman spectroscopic study on TiO 2 I. Phase
transformation at the surface and in the bulk. J Phys Chem B 110(2):927–935
109. Hsu YC, Lin HC, Chen CH et al (2010) Nonaqueous seeded growth of flower-like mixedphase titania nanostructures for photocatalytic applications. J Solid State Chem 183
(9):1917–1924
110. Ni M, Leung MK, Leung DY et al (2007) A review and recent developments in photocatalytic
water-splitting using TiO 2 for hydrogen production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 11(3):401–425
111. Lei J, Li H, Zhang J et al (2016) Mixed-phase TiO 2 nanomaterials as efficient photocatalysts.
In: Low-dimensional and nanostructured materials and devices. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 423–460
112. Xu Q, Ma Y, Zhang J et al (2011) Enhancing hydrogen production activity and suppressing
CO formation from photocatalytic biomass reforming on Pt/TiO 2 by optimizing anatase–rutile
phase structure. J Catal 278(2):329–335
113. Kho YK, Iwase A, Teoh WY et al (2010) Photocatalytic H 2 evolution over TiO 2 nanoparticles.
The synergistic effect of anatase and rutile. J Phys Chem C 114(6):2821–2829
114. Xu F, Xiao W, Cheng B et al (2014) Direct Z-scheme anatase/rutile bi-phase nanocomposite
TiO 2 nanofiber photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic H 2 -production activity. Int J
Hydrog Energy 39(28):15394–15402
115. Rosseler O, Shankar MV, Karkmaz-Le Du M et al (2010) Solar light photocatalytic hydrogen
production from water over Pt and Au/TiO 2 (anatase/rutile) photocatalysts: influence of noble
metal and porogen promotion. J Catal 269(1):179–190
116. Marcı G, Addamo M, Augugliaro V et al (2003) Photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on
irradiated TiO 2 : comparison of degradation performance in humidified air, in water and in
water containing a zwitterionic surfactant. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 160(1):105–114
117. Liu L, Zhao H, Andino JM et al (2012) Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction with H 2 O on TiO 2
nanocrystals: comparison of anatase, rutile, and brookite polymorphs and exploration of
surface chemistry. ACS Catal 2(8):1817–1828
118. Zhao H, Liu L, Andino JM et al (2013) Bicrystalline TiO 2 with controllable anatase–brookite
phase content for enhanced CO 2 photoreduction to fuels. J Mater Chem A 1(28):8209–8216
119. Frank NS, Bard AJ (1977) Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide ion in aqueous
solutions at titanium dioxide powder. J Am Chem Soc 99(1):303–304
120. Xu H, Li G, Zhu G et al (2015) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rutile/anatase TiO 2
heterojunction nanoflowers. Catal Commun 62:52–56
References
171