79. Ohno T, Sarukawa K, Matsumura M (2001) Photocatalytic activities of pure rutile particles
isolated from TiO 2 powder by dissolving the anatase component in HF solution. J Phys Chem
B 105(12):2417–2420
80. Ozawa T, Iwasaki M, Tada H et al (2005) Low-temperature synthesis of anatase–brookite
composite nanocrystals: the junction effect on photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci
281(2):510–513
81. Xu H, Zhang L (2009) Controllable one-pot synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of
mixed-phase TiO 2 nanocrystals with tunable brookite/rutile ratios. J Phys Chem C 113
(5):1785–1790
82. Bacsa RR, Kiwi J (1998) Effect of rutile phase on the photocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline titania during the degradation of p-coumaric acid. Appl Catal B Environ 16(1):19–29
83. Jung KY, Park SB, Jang HD (2004) Phase control and photocatalytic properties of nano-sized
titania particles by gas-phase pyrolysis of TiCl 4 . Catal Commun 5(9):491–497
84. Zhu J, Zheng W, He B et al (2004) Characterization of Fe–TiO 2 photocatalysts synthesized by
hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic reactivity for photodegradation of XRG dye
diluted in water. J Mol Catal A Chem 216(1):35–43
85. Wu Y, Xing M, Zhang J (2011) Gel-hydrothermal synthesis of carbon and boron co-doped
TiO 2 and evaluating its photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 192(1):368–373
86. Ng J, Wang X, Sun DD (2011) One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of a hierarchical nanofunguslike anatase TiO 2 thin film for photocatalytic oxidation of bisphenol A. Appl Catal B Environ
110:260–272
87. Ovenstone J, Yanagisawa K (1999) Effect of hydrothermal treatment of amorphous titania on
the phase change from anatase to rutile during calcination. Chem Mater 11(10):2770–2774
88. Li G, Ciston S, Saponjic ZV et al (2008) Synthesizing mixed-phase TiO 2 nanocomposites
using a hydrothermal method for photo-oxidation and photoreduction applications. J Catal 253
(1):105–110
89. Fehse M, Fischer F, Tessier C et al (2013) Tailoring of phase composition and morphology of
TiO 2 -based electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 231:23–28
90. Zhang Y, Chen J, Li X (2010) Preparation and photocatalytic performance of anatase/rutile
mixed-phase TiO 2 nanotubes. Catal Lett 139(3–4):129–133
91. Tay Q, Liu X, Tang Y et al (2013) Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production with
synergistic two-phase anatase/brookite TiO 2 nanostructures. J Phys Chem C 117
(29):14973–14982
92. Zhang H, Banfield JF (2000) Understanding polymorphic phase transformation behavior
during growth of nanocrystalline aggregates: insights from TiO 2 . J Phys Chem B 104
(15):3481–3487
93. Shen X, Tian B, Zhang J (2013) Tailored preparation of titania with controllable phases of
anatase and brookite by an alkalescent hydrothermal route. Catal Today 201:151–158
94. Zhao B, Chen F, Huang Q et al (2009) Brookite TiO 2 nanoflowers. Chem Commun
34:5115–5117
95. Zhao LM, Zhang ZJ, Zhang SY et al (2011) Metal–organic frameworks based on transitionmetal carboxylate clusters as secondary building units: synthesis, structures and properties.
CrystEngComm 13(3):907–913
96. Zhao B, Chen F, Jiao Y et al (2010) Phase transition and morphological evolution of titania/
titanate nanomaterials under alkalescent hydrothermal treatment. J Mater Chem 20
(37):7990–7997
97. Shen X, Zhang J, Tian B (2012) Tartaric acid-assisted preparation and photocatalytic performance of titania nanoparticles with controllable phases of anatase and brookite. J Mater Sci 47
(15):5743–5751
98. Cheng H, Ma J, Zhao Z et al (1995) Hydrothermal preparation of uniform nanosize rutile and
anatase particles. Chem Mater 7(4):663–671
99. Li G, Gray KA (2007) Preparation of mixed-phase titanium dioxide nanocomposites via
solvothermal processing. Chem Mater 19(5):1143–1146
170
6 Phase Control of TiO 2 Photocatalyst
isolated from TiO 2 powder by dissolving the anatase component in HF solution. J Phys Chem
B 105(12):2417–2420
80. Ozawa T, Iwasaki M, Tada H et al (2005) Low-temperature synthesis of anatase–brookite
composite nanocrystals: the junction effect on photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci
281(2):510–513
81. Xu H, Zhang L (2009) Controllable one-pot synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of
mixed-phase TiO 2 nanocrystals with tunable brookite/rutile ratios. J Phys Chem C 113
(5):1785–1790
82. Bacsa RR, Kiwi J (1998) Effect of rutile phase on the photocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline titania during the degradation of p-coumaric acid. Appl Catal B Environ 16(1):19–29
83. Jung KY, Park SB, Jang HD (2004) Phase control and photocatalytic properties of nano-sized
titania particles by gas-phase pyrolysis of TiCl 4 . Catal Commun 5(9):491–497
84. Zhu J, Zheng W, He B et al (2004) Characterization of Fe–TiO 2 photocatalysts synthesized by
hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic reactivity for photodegradation of XRG dye
diluted in water. J Mol Catal A Chem 216(1):35–43
85. Wu Y, Xing M, Zhang J (2011) Gel-hydrothermal synthesis of carbon and boron co-doped
TiO 2 and evaluating its photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 192(1):368–373
86. Ng J, Wang X, Sun DD (2011) One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of a hierarchical nanofunguslike anatase TiO 2 thin film for photocatalytic oxidation of bisphenol A. Appl Catal B Environ
110:260–272
87. Ovenstone J, Yanagisawa K (1999) Effect of hydrothermal treatment of amorphous titania on
the phase change from anatase to rutile during calcination. Chem Mater 11(10):2770–2774
88. Li G, Ciston S, Saponjic ZV et al (2008) Synthesizing mixed-phase TiO 2 nanocomposites
using a hydrothermal method for photo-oxidation and photoreduction applications. J Catal 253
(1):105–110
89. Fehse M, Fischer F, Tessier C et al (2013) Tailoring of phase composition and morphology of
TiO 2 -based electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 231:23–28
90. Zhang Y, Chen J, Li X (2010) Preparation and photocatalytic performance of anatase/rutile
mixed-phase TiO 2 nanotubes. Catal Lett 139(3–4):129–133
91. Tay Q, Liu X, Tang Y et al (2013) Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production with
synergistic two-phase anatase/brookite TiO 2 nanostructures. J Phys Chem C 117
(29):14973–14982
92. Zhang H, Banfield JF (2000) Understanding polymorphic phase transformation behavior
during growth of nanocrystalline aggregates: insights from TiO 2 . J Phys Chem B 104
(15):3481–3487
93. Shen X, Tian B, Zhang J (2013) Tailored preparation of titania with controllable phases of
anatase and brookite by an alkalescent hydrothermal route. Catal Today 201:151–158
94. Zhao B, Chen F, Huang Q et al (2009) Brookite TiO 2 nanoflowers. Chem Commun
34:5115–5117
95. Zhao LM, Zhang ZJ, Zhang SY et al (2011) Metal–organic frameworks based on transitionmetal carboxylate clusters as secondary building units: synthesis, structures and properties.
CrystEngComm 13(3):907–913
96. Zhao B, Chen F, Jiao Y et al (2010) Phase transition and morphological evolution of titania/
titanate nanomaterials under alkalescent hydrothermal treatment. J Mater Chem 20
(37):7990–7997
97. Shen X, Zhang J, Tian B (2012) Tartaric acid-assisted preparation and photocatalytic performance of titania nanoparticles with controllable phases of anatase and brookite. J Mater Sci 47
(15):5743–5751
98. Cheng H, Ma J, Zhao Z et al (1995) Hydrothermal preparation of uniform nanosize rutile and
anatase particles. Chem Mater 7(4):663–671
99. Li G, Gray KA (2007) Preparation of mixed-phase titanium dioxide nanocomposites via
solvothermal processing. Chem Mater 19(5):1143–1146
170
6 Phase Control of TiO 2 Photocatalyst