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72. Batzill M, Morales EH, Diebold U (2006) Influence of nitrogen doping on the defect formation
and surface properties of TiO 2 rutile and anatase. Phys Rev Lett 96(2):026–103
73. Oskam G, Nellore A, Penn RL et al (2003) The growth kinetics of TiO 2 nanoparticles from
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74. Banfield J (1998) Thermodynamic analysis of phase stability of nanocrystalline titania. J Mater
Chem 8(9):2073–2076
75. Li JG, Ishigaki T, Sun X (2007) Anatase, brookite, and rutile nanocrystals via redox reactions
under mild hydrothermal conditions: phase-selective synthesis and physicochemical properties. J Phys Chem C 111(13):4969–4976
76. Bickley RI, Gonzalez-Carreno T, Lees JS et al (1991) A structural investigation of titanium
dioxide photocatalysts. J Solid State Chem 92(1):178–190
77. Lee SK, Robertson PK, Mills A et al (1999) Modification and enhanced photocatalytic activity
of TiO 2 following exposure to non-linear irradiation sources. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem
122(1):69–71
78. Tsai SJ, Cheng S (1997) Effect of TiO 2 crystalline structure in photocatalytic degradation of
phenolic contaminants. Catal Today 33(1–3):227–237
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169
superior photocatalytic activity for organic degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng
Asp 402:66–71
56. Di Paola A, Cufalo G, Addamo M et al (2008) Photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline TiO 2
(brookite, rutile and brookite-based) powders prepared by thermohydrolysis of TiCl 4 in
aqueous chloride solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 317(1):366–376
57. Li W, Liu C, Zhou Y et al (2008) Enhanced photocatalytic activity in anatase/TiO 2
(B) coreÀshell nanofiber. J Phys Chem C 112(51):20539–20545
58. Hanaor DA, Sorrell CC (2011) Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation. J Mater
Sci 46(4):855–874
59. Gamboa JA, Pasquevich DM (1992) Effect of chlorine atmosphere on the anatase-rutile
transformation. J Am Ceram Soc 75(11):2934–2938
60. Ding XZ, He YZ (1996) Study of the room temperature ageing effect on structural evolution of
gel-derived nanocrystalline titania powders. J Mater Sci Lett 15(4):320–322
61. Muscat J, Swamy V, Harrison NM (2002) First-principles calculations of the phase stability of
TiO 2 . Phys Rev B 65(22):224–112
62. Arlt T, Bermejo M, Blanco MA et al (2000) High-pressure polymorphs of anatase TiO 2 . Phys
Rev B 61(21):14414–14419
63. Ren R, Yang Z, Shaw LL (2000) Polymorphic transformation and powder characteristics of
TiO 2 during high energy milling. J Mater Sci 35(23):6015–6026
64. Dubrovinskaia NA, Dubrovinsky LS, Ahuja R et al (2001) Experimental and theoretical
identification of a new high-pressure TiO 2 polymorph. Phys Rev Lett 87(27):455–475
65. Diebold U (2003) The surface science of titanium dioxide. Surf Sci Rep 48(5):53–229
66. Yan M, Chen F, Zhang J et al (2005) Preparation of controllable crystalline titania and study
on the photocatalytic properties. J Phys Chem B 109(18):8673–8678
67. Li Y, White TJ, Lim SH (2004) Low-temperature synthesis and microstructural control of
titania nano-particles. J Solid State Chem 177(4):1372–1381
68. Khataee AR, Kasiri MB (2010) Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of
nanostructured titanium dioxide: influence of the chemical structure of dyes. J Mol Catal A
Chem 328(1):8–26
69. Daneshvar N, Rasoulifard MH, Khataee AR et al (2007) Removal of CI acid orange 7 from
aqueous solution by UV irradiation in the presence of ZnO nanopowder. J Hazard Mater 143
(1):95–101
70. Moret MP, Zallen R, Vijay DP et al (2000) Brookite-rich titania films made by pulsed laser
deposition. Thin Solid Films 366(1):8–10
71. Shannon RD, Pask JA (1965) Kinetics of the anatase-rutile transformation. J Am Ceram Soc
48(8):391–398
72. Batzill M, Morales EH, Diebold U (2006) Influence of nitrogen doping on the defect formation
and surface properties of TiO 2 rutile and anatase. Phys Rev Lett 96(2):026–103
73. Oskam G, Nellore A, Penn RL et al (2003) The growth kinetics of TiO 2 nanoparticles from
titanium (IV) alkoxide at high water/titanium ratio. J Phys Chem B 107(8):1734–1738
74. Banfield J (1998) Thermodynamic analysis of phase stability of nanocrystalline titania. J Mater
Chem 8(9):2073–2076
75. Li JG, Ishigaki T, Sun X (2007) Anatase, brookite, and rutile nanocrystals via redox reactions
under mild hydrothermal conditions: phase-selective synthesis and physicochemical properties. J Phys Chem C 111(13):4969–4976
76. Bickley RI, Gonzalez-Carreno T, Lees JS et al (1991) A structural investigation of titanium
dioxide photocatalysts. J Solid State Chem 92(1):178–190
77. Lee SK, Robertson PK, Mills A et al (1999) Modification and enhanced photocatalytic activity
of TiO 2 following exposure to non-linear irradiation sources. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem
122(1):69–71
78. Tsai SJ, Cheng S (1997) Effect of TiO 2 crystalline structure in photocatalytic degradation of
phenolic contaminants. Catal Today 33(1–3):227–237
References
169