103. Zheng J, Bao S, Zhang X, Wu H, Chen R, Jin P (2016) Pd–MgNi x nanospheres/black-TiO 2
porous films with highly efficient hydrogen production by near-complete suppression of
surface recombination. Appl Catal B 183:69–74
104. Liu L, Zhao C, Li Y (2012) Spontaneous dissociation of CO 2 to CO on defective surface of Cu
(I)/TiO 2–x nanoparticles at room temperature. J Phys Chem C 116(14):7904–7912
105. Sasan K, Zuo F, Wang Y, Feng P (2015) Self-doped Ti
3+ -TiO 2 as a photocatalyst for the
reduction of CO 2 into a hydrocarbon fuel under visible light irradiation. Nanoscale 7
(32):13369–13372
106. Zhang L, Wang W, Jiang D, Gao E, Sun S (2015) Photoreduction of CO 2 on BiOCl nanoplates
with the assistance of photoinduced oxygen vacancies. Nano Res 8(3):821–831
107. Yin G, Bi Q, Zhao W, Xu J, Lin T, Huang F (2017) Efficient conversion of CO 2 to methane
Photocatalyzed by conductive black titania. ChemCatChem:n/a-n/a
108. Fu R, Wang Q, Gao S, Wang Z, Huang B, Dai Y, Lu J (2015) Effect of different processes and
Ti/Zn molar ratios on the structure, morphology, and enhanced photoelectrochemical and
photocatalytic performance of Ti
3+ self-doped titanium-zinc hybrid oxides. J Power Sources
285:449–459
109. Li K, Huang Z, Zeng X, Huang B, Gao S, Lu J (2017) Synergetic effect of Ti
3+ and oxygen
doping on enhancing photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4
heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(13):11577–11586
110. Zhu Y, Shah MW, Wang C (2017) Insight into the role of Ti
3+ in photocatalytic performance
of shuriken-shaped BiVO 4 /TiO 2-x heterojunction. Appl Catal B 203:526–532
111. Zhang X, Zuo G, Lu X, Tang C, Cao S, Yu M (2017) Anatase TiO 2 sheet-assisted synthesis of
Ti
3+ self-doped mixed phase TiO 2 sheet with superior visible-light photocatalytic performance: roles of anatase TiO 2 sheet. J Colloid Interface Sci 490:774–782
112. Duan Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Wang F, Yang L, Li X, Wang C (2017) Plasmonic Ag-TiO 2Àx
nanocomposites for the photocatalytic removal of NO under visible light with high selectivity:
the role of oxygen vacancies. Appl Catal B 204:67–77
113. Singh AP, Kodan N, Mehta BR, Dey A, Krishnamurthy S (2016) In-situ plasma hydrogenated
TiO 2 thin films for enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. Mater Res Bull 76:284–291
114. Zhang Q, Wang L, Feng J, Xu H, Yan W (2014) Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
by synthesizing CdS decorated reduced TiO 2 nanotube arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16
(42):23431–23439
115. Zheng J, Liu Y, Ji G, Zhang P, Cao X, Wang B, Zhang C, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Shi D (2015)
Hydrogenated oxygen-deficient blue anatase as anode for high-performance lithium batteries.
ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(42):23431–23438
116. Wang C, Wang F, Zhao Y, Li Y, Yue Q, Liu Y, Liu Y, Elzatahry AA, Al-Enizi A, Wu Y,
Deng Y, Zhao D (2016) Hollow TiO 2-x porous microspheres composed of well-crystalline
nanocrystals for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Nano Res 9(1):165–173
117. Shang M, Hu H, Lu G, Bi Y (2016) Synergistic effects of SrTiO 3 nanocubes and Ti
3+ dualdoping for highly improved photoelectrochemical performance of TiO 2 nanotube arrays under
visible light. J Mater Chem A 4(16):5849–5853
118. Su T, Yang Y, Na Y, Fan R, Li L, Wei L, Yang B, Cao W (2015) An insight into the role of
oxygen vacancy in hydrogenated TiO 2 nanocrystals in the performance of dye-sensitized solar
cells. ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(6):3754–3763
119. Pan S, Liu X, Guo M, Sf Y, Huang H, Fan H, Li G (2015) Engineering the intermediate band
states in amorphous Ti
3+ -doped TiO 2 for hybrid dye-sensitized solar cell applications. J Mater
Chem A 3(21):11437–11443
120. Byeon A, Boota M, Beidaghi M, Aken KV, Lee JW, Gogotsi Y (2015) Effect of hydrogenation on performance of TiO 2 (B) nanowire for lithium ion capacitors. Electrochem Commun
60:199–203
121. Sang-Joon P, Jeong-Pyo L, Jong Shik J, Hyun R, Hyunung Y, Byung Youn Y, Chang Soo K,
Kyung Joong K, Yong Jai C, Sunggi B, Woo L (2013) In situ control of oxygen vacancies in
102
4 Preparation of Reduced TiO 2–x for Photocatalysis
porous films with highly efficient hydrogen production by near-complete suppression of
surface recombination. Appl Catal B 183:69–74
104. Liu L, Zhao C, Li Y (2012) Spontaneous dissociation of CO 2 to CO on defective surface of Cu
(I)/TiO 2–x nanoparticles at room temperature. J Phys Chem C 116(14):7904–7912
105. Sasan K, Zuo F, Wang Y, Feng P (2015) Self-doped Ti
3+ -TiO 2 as a photocatalyst for the
reduction of CO 2 into a hydrocarbon fuel under visible light irradiation. Nanoscale 7
(32):13369–13372
106. Zhang L, Wang W, Jiang D, Gao E, Sun S (2015) Photoreduction of CO 2 on BiOCl nanoplates
with the assistance of photoinduced oxygen vacancies. Nano Res 8(3):821–831
107. Yin G, Bi Q, Zhao W, Xu J, Lin T, Huang F (2017) Efficient conversion of CO 2 to methane
Photocatalyzed by conductive black titania. ChemCatChem:n/a-n/a
108. Fu R, Wang Q, Gao S, Wang Z, Huang B, Dai Y, Lu J (2015) Effect of different processes and
Ti/Zn molar ratios on the structure, morphology, and enhanced photoelectrochemical and
photocatalytic performance of Ti
3+ self-doped titanium-zinc hybrid oxides. J Power Sources
285:449–459
109. Li K, Huang Z, Zeng X, Huang B, Gao S, Lu J (2017) Synergetic effect of Ti
3+ and oxygen
doping on enhancing photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4
heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(13):11577–11586
110. Zhu Y, Shah MW, Wang C (2017) Insight into the role of Ti
3+ in photocatalytic performance
of shuriken-shaped BiVO 4 /TiO 2-x heterojunction. Appl Catal B 203:526–532
111. Zhang X, Zuo G, Lu X, Tang C, Cao S, Yu M (2017) Anatase TiO 2 sheet-assisted synthesis of
Ti
3+ self-doped mixed phase TiO 2 sheet with superior visible-light photocatalytic performance: roles of anatase TiO 2 sheet. J Colloid Interface Sci 490:774–782
112. Duan Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Wang F, Yang L, Li X, Wang C (2017) Plasmonic Ag-TiO 2Àx
nanocomposites for the photocatalytic removal of NO under visible light with high selectivity:
the role of oxygen vacancies. Appl Catal B 204:67–77
113. Singh AP, Kodan N, Mehta BR, Dey A, Krishnamurthy S (2016) In-situ plasma hydrogenated
TiO 2 thin films for enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. Mater Res Bull 76:284–291
114. Zhang Q, Wang L, Feng J, Xu H, Yan W (2014) Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
by synthesizing CdS decorated reduced TiO 2 nanotube arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16
(42):23431–23439
115. Zheng J, Liu Y, Ji G, Zhang P, Cao X, Wang B, Zhang C, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Shi D (2015)
Hydrogenated oxygen-deficient blue anatase as anode for high-performance lithium batteries.
ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(42):23431–23438
116. Wang C, Wang F, Zhao Y, Li Y, Yue Q, Liu Y, Liu Y, Elzatahry AA, Al-Enizi A, Wu Y,
Deng Y, Zhao D (2016) Hollow TiO 2-x porous microspheres composed of well-crystalline
nanocrystals for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Nano Res 9(1):165–173
117. Shang M, Hu H, Lu G, Bi Y (2016) Synergistic effects of SrTiO 3 nanocubes and Ti
3+ dualdoping for highly improved photoelectrochemical performance of TiO 2 nanotube arrays under
visible light. J Mater Chem A 4(16):5849–5853
118. Su T, Yang Y, Na Y, Fan R, Li L, Wei L, Yang B, Cao W (2015) An insight into the role of
oxygen vacancy in hydrogenated TiO 2 nanocrystals in the performance of dye-sensitized solar
cells. ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(6):3754–3763
119. Pan S, Liu X, Guo M, Sf Y, Huang H, Fan H, Li G (2015) Engineering the intermediate band
states in amorphous Ti
3+ -doped TiO 2 for hybrid dye-sensitized solar cell applications. J Mater
Chem A 3(21):11437–11443
120. Byeon A, Boota M, Beidaghi M, Aken KV, Lee JW, Gogotsi Y (2015) Effect of hydrogenation on performance of TiO 2 (B) nanowire for lithium ion capacitors. Electrochem Commun
60:199–203
121. Sang-Joon P, Jeong-Pyo L, Jong Shik J, Hyun R, Hyunung Y, Byung Youn Y, Chang Soo K,
Kyung Joong K, Yong Jai C, Sunggi B, Woo L (2013) In situ control of oxygen vacancies in
102
4 Preparation of Reduced TiO 2–x for Photocatalysis