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47. Wang Z, Yang C, Lin T, Yin H, Chen P, Wan D, Xu F, Huang F, Lin J, Xie X, Jiang M (2013)
H-doped black titania with very high solar absorption and excellent photocatalysis enhanced
by localized surface plasmon resonance. Adv Funct Mater 23(43):5444–5450
48. Tian Z, Cui H, Zhu G, Zhao W, Xu J, Shao F, He J, Huang F (2016) Hydrogen plasma reduced
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conducting polymer. RSC Adv 6(39):33101–33110
51. Panomsuwan G, Watthanaphanit A, Ishizaki T, Saito N (2015) Water-plasma-assisted synthesis of black titania spheres with efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 17(21):13794–13799
52. Zhu W, Wang C, Chen J, Li Y, Wang J (2014) Enhanced field emission from Ti
3+ self-doped
TiO 2 nanotube arrays synthesized by a facile cathodic reduction process. Appl Surf Sci
301:525–529
53. Zhang Z, Hedhili MN, Zhu H, Wang P (2013) Electrochemical reduction induced self-doping
of Ti
3+ for efficient water splitting performance on TiO 2 based photoelectrodes. Phys Chem
Chem Phys 15(37):15637–15644
54. Zhang Z, Tan X, Yu T, Jia L, Huang X (2016) Time-dependent formation of oxygen vacancies
in black TiO 2 nanotube arrays and the effect on photoelectrocatalytic and
photoelectrochemical properties. Int J Hydrog Energy 41(27):11634–11643
55. Swaminathan J, Subbiah R, Singaram V (2016) Defect-rich metallic titania (TiO 1.23 )–an
efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst for electrochemical water splitting. ACS Catal 6
(4):2222–2229
56. Mo LB, Wang Y, Bai Y, Xiang Q, Li Q, Yao W, Wang J, Ibrahim K, Wang H, Wan C, Cao J
(2015) Hydrogen impurity defects in rutile TiO 2 . Sci Rep 5:17634
57. Liu N, Schneider C, Freitag D, Zolnhofer EM, Meyer K, Schmuki P (2016) Noble-metal-free
photocatalytic H 2 generation: active and inactive ‘black’ TiO 2 nanotubes and synergistic
effects. Chemistry 22(39):13810–13814
58. Chen W, He KF, Wang Y, Chan HLW, Yan Z (2013) Highly mobile and reactive state of
hydrogen in metal oxide semiconductors at room temperature. Sci Rep 3:3149
59. Wang R, Hashimoto K, Fujishima A, Chikuni M, Kojima E, Kitamura A, Shimohigoshi M,
Watanabe T (1997) Light-induced amphiphilic surfaces. Nature 388(6641):431–432
60. Wang R, Hashimoto K, Fujishima A, Chikuni M, Kojima E, Kitamura A, Shimohigoshi M,
Watanabe T (1998) Photogeneration of highly amphiphilic TiO 2 surfaces. Adv Mater 10
(2):135–138
61. Mezhenny S, Maksymovych P, Thompson TL, Diwald O, Stahl D, Walck SD, Yates JT Jr
(2003) STM studies of defect production on the TiO 2 (110)-(1Â1) and TiO 2 (110)-(1Â2)
surfaces induced by UV irradiation. Chem Phys Lett 369(1–2):152–158
62. Shultz AN, Jang W, Hetherington WM, Baer DR, Wang L, Engelhard MH (1995) Comparative second harmonic generation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the UV
creation and O 2 healing of Ti
3+ defects on (110) rutile TiO 2 surfaces. Surf Sci 339
(1–2):114–124
63. Coronado JM, Maira AJ, Conesa JC, Yeung KL, Augugliaro V, Soria J (2001) EPR study of
the surface characteristics of nanostructured TiO 2 under UV irradiation. Langmuir 17
(17):5368–5374
64. Li L, Chen Y, Jiao S, Fang Z, Liu X, Xu Y, Pang G, Feng S (2016) Synthesis, microstructure,
and properties of black anatase and B phase TiO 2 nanoparticles. Mater Design 100:235–240
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Kim YJ, Lee J, Lee HU, Lee YC (2016) Advanced nanoporous TiO 2 photocatalysts by
hydrogen plasma for efficient solar-light photocatalytic application. Sci Rep 6:29683
47. Wang Z, Yang C, Lin T, Yin H, Chen P, Wan D, Xu F, Huang F, Lin J, Xie X, Jiang M (2013)
H-doped black titania with very high solar absorption and excellent photocatalysis enhanced
by localized surface plasmon resonance. Adv Funct Mater 23(43):5444–5450
48. Tian Z, Cui H, Zhu G, Zhao W, Xu J, Shao F, He J, Huang F (2016) Hydrogen plasma reduced
black TiO 2 -B nanowires for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting. J Power Sources
325:697–705
49. Kim HJ, Kim J, Hong B (2013) Effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on nano-structured TiO 2
films for the enhanced performance of dye-sensitized solar cell. Appl Surf Sci 274:171–175
50. Siuzdak K, Szkoda M, Lisowska-Oleksiak A, Karczewski J, Ryl J (2016) Highly stable
organic–inorganic junction composed of hydrogenated titania nanotubes infiltrated by a
conducting polymer. RSC Adv 6(39):33101–33110
51. Panomsuwan G, Watthanaphanit A, Ishizaki T, Saito N (2015) Water-plasma-assisted synthesis of black titania spheres with efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 17(21):13794–13799
52. Zhu W, Wang C, Chen J, Li Y, Wang J (2014) Enhanced field emission from Ti
3+ self-doped
TiO 2 nanotube arrays synthesized by a facile cathodic reduction process. Appl Surf Sci
301:525–529
53. Zhang Z, Hedhili MN, Zhu H, Wang P (2013) Electrochemical reduction induced self-doping
of Ti
3+ for efficient water splitting performance on TiO 2 based photoelectrodes. Phys Chem
Chem Phys 15(37):15637–15644
54. Zhang Z, Tan X, Yu T, Jia L, Huang X (2016) Time-dependent formation of oxygen vacancies
in black TiO 2 nanotube arrays and the effect on photoelectrocatalytic and
photoelectrochemical properties. Int J Hydrog Energy 41(27):11634–11643
55. Swaminathan J, Subbiah R, Singaram V (2016) Defect-rich metallic titania (TiO 1.23 )–an
efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst for electrochemical water splitting. ACS Catal 6
(4):2222–2229
56. Mo LB, Wang Y, Bai Y, Xiang Q, Li Q, Yao W, Wang J, Ibrahim K, Wang H, Wan C, Cao J
(2015) Hydrogen impurity defects in rutile TiO 2 . Sci Rep 5:17634
57. Liu N, Schneider C, Freitag D, Zolnhofer EM, Meyer K, Schmuki P (2016) Noble-metal-free
photocatalytic H 2 generation: active and inactive ‘black’ TiO 2 nanotubes and synergistic
effects. Chemistry 22(39):13810–13814
58. Chen W, He KF, Wang Y, Chan HLW, Yan Z (2013) Highly mobile and reactive state of
hydrogen in metal oxide semiconductors at room temperature. Sci Rep 3:3149
59. Wang R, Hashimoto K, Fujishima A, Chikuni M, Kojima E, Kitamura A, Shimohigoshi M,
Watanabe T (1997) Light-induced amphiphilic surfaces. Nature 388(6641):431–432
60. Wang R, Hashimoto K, Fujishima A, Chikuni M, Kojima E, Kitamura A, Shimohigoshi M,
Watanabe T (1998) Photogeneration of highly amphiphilic TiO 2 surfaces. Adv Mater 10
(2):135–138
61. Mezhenny S, Maksymovych P, Thompson TL, Diwald O, Stahl D, Walck SD, Yates JT Jr
(2003) STM studies of defect production on the TiO 2 (110)-(1Â1) and TiO 2 (110)-(1Â2)
surfaces induced by UV irradiation. Chem Phys Lett 369(1–2):152–158
62. Shultz AN, Jang W, Hetherington WM, Baer DR, Wang L, Engelhard MH (1995) Comparative second harmonic generation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the UV
creation and O 2 healing of Ti
3+ defects on (110) rutile TiO 2 surfaces. Surf Sci 339
(1–2):114–124
63. Coronado JM, Maira AJ, Conesa JC, Yeung KL, Augugliaro V, Soria J (2001) EPR study of
the surface characteristics of nanostructured TiO 2 under UV irradiation. Langmuir 17
(17):5368–5374
64. Li L, Chen Y, Jiao S, Fang Z, Liu X, Xu Y, Pang G, Feng S (2016) Synthesis, microstructure,
and properties of black anatase and B phase TiO 2 nanoparticles. Mater Design 100:235–240
References
99