85
3 Formation of DNA Lesions, its Prevention and Repair
25. Shoulkamy M, Nakano T, Ohshima M, Hirayama R, Uzawa A, Furusawa Y, Ide H (2012)
Detection of DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) by novel direct fluorescence labeling methods:
distinct stabilities of aldehyde and radiation-induced DPCs. Nucleic Acids Res 40:1–13
26. Madison AL, Perez ZA, To P, Maisonet T, Rios EV, Trejo Y, Ochoa-Paniagua C, Reno A,
Stemp EDA (2012) Dependence of DNA-protein cross-linking via guanine oxidation upon
local DNA sequence as studied by restriction endonuclease inhibition. Biochemistry 51:362–
369
27. Blanpain C, Mohrin M, Sotiropoulou PA, Passegue E (2011) DNA-damage response in tissue-specific and cancer stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 8:16–29
28. Redon CE, Dickey JS, Nakamura AJ, Kareva IG, Naf D, Nowsheen S, Kryston TB, Bonner
WM, Georgakilas AG, Sedelnikova OA (2010) Tumors induce complex DNA damage in
distant proliferative tissues in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:17992–17997
29. Limon-Pacheco J, Gonsebatt ME (2009) The role of anti-oxidants and anti-oxidant-related
enzymes in protective responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress. Mutat Res
674:137–147
30. Blokhina O, Virolaineni E, Fagerstedt KV (2003) Anti-oxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. a review. Ann Bot 91:179–194
31. Hu P, Tirelli N (2012) Scavenging ROS: superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics by the use
of an oxidation-sensitive nanocarrier/enzyme conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 23:438–449
32. Jena NR, Mishra PC, Suhai S (2009) Protection against radiation-induced DNA damage by
amino acids: a DFT study. J Phys Chem B 113:5633–5644
33. Eker AP, Quayle C, Chaves I, Van der Horst GT (2009) DNA repair in mammalian cells:
direct DNA damage reversal: elegant solutions for nasty problems. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:968–
980
34. Mishina Y, Duguid EM, He C (2006) Direct reversal of DNA alkylation damage. Chem Rev
106:215–232
35. Yasui A, McCready SJ (1998) Alternative repair pathways for UV-induced DNA damage.
Bioessays 20:291–297
36. Robertson AB, Klungland A, Aognes T, Leiros I (2009) DNA repair in mammalian cells: base
excision repair: the long and short of it. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:981–993
37. De Bont R, van Larebeke N (2004) Endogenous DNA damage in humans: a review of quantitative data. Mutagenesis 19:169–185
38. Liu Y, Fiscum G, Schubert D (2002) Generation of reactive oxygen species by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. J Neurochem 80:780–787
39. Loschen G, Azzi A, Flohe L (1974) Superoxide radicals as precursors of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. FEBS Lett 42:68–72
40. Chen SX, Schopfer P (1999) Hydroxyl-radical production in physiological reactions. A novel
function of peroxidase. Eur J Biochem 260:726–735
41. Marnett LJ (1987) Peroxyl free radicals: potential mediators of tumor initiation and promotion. Carcinogenesis 8:1365–1373
42. Tjalkens RB, Carbone DL, Wu G (2011) Detection of nitric oxide formation in primary neural cells and tissues. Methods Mol Biol 758:267–277
43. Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and
pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109–142
44. Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA (1990) Apparent hydroxyl
radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and
superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:1620–1624
45. Beckman JS (1990) Ischaemic injury mediator. Nature 345:27–28
46. Merenyi G, Lind J (1998) Free radical formation in the peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH)/peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) system. Chem Res Toxicol 4:243–246
47. Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA (1990) Apparent hydroxyl
radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and
superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:1620–1624
3 Formation of DNA Lesions, its Prevention and Repair
25. Shoulkamy M, Nakano T, Ohshima M, Hirayama R, Uzawa A, Furusawa Y, Ide H (2012)
Detection of DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) by novel direct fluorescence labeling methods:
distinct stabilities of aldehyde and radiation-induced DPCs. Nucleic Acids Res 40:1–13
26. Madison AL, Perez ZA, To P, Maisonet T, Rios EV, Trejo Y, Ochoa-Paniagua C, Reno A,
Stemp EDA (2012) Dependence of DNA-protein cross-linking via guanine oxidation upon
local DNA sequence as studied by restriction endonuclease inhibition. Biochemistry 51:362–
369
27. Blanpain C, Mohrin M, Sotiropoulou PA, Passegue E (2011) DNA-damage response in tissue-specific and cancer stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 8:16–29
28. Redon CE, Dickey JS, Nakamura AJ, Kareva IG, Naf D, Nowsheen S, Kryston TB, Bonner
WM, Georgakilas AG, Sedelnikova OA (2010) Tumors induce complex DNA damage in
distant proliferative tissues in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:17992–17997
29. Limon-Pacheco J, Gonsebatt ME (2009) The role of anti-oxidants and anti-oxidant-related
enzymes in protective responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress. Mutat Res
674:137–147
30. Blokhina O, Virolaineni E, Fagerstedt KV (2003) Anti-oxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. a review. Ann Bot 91:179–194
31. Hu P, Tirelli N (2012) Scavenging ROS: superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics by the use
of an oxidation-sensitive nanocarrier/enzyme conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 23:438–449
32. Jena NR, Mishra PC, Suhai S (2009) Protection against radiation-induced DNA damage by
amino acids: a DFT study. J Phys Chem B 113:5633–5644
33. Eker AP, Quayle C, Chaves I, Van der Horst GT (2009) DNA repair in mammalian cells:
direct DNA damage reversal: elegant solutions for nasty problems. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:968–
980
34. Mishina Y, Duguid EM, He C (2006) Direct reversal of DNA alkylation damage. Chem Rev
106:215–232
35. Yasui A, McCready SJ (1998) Alternative repair pathways for UV-induced DNA damage.
Bioessays 20:291–297
36. Robertson AB, Klungland A, Aognes T, Leiros I (2009) DNA repair in mammalian cells: base
excision repair: the long and short of it. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:981–993
37. De Bont R, van Larebeke N (2004) Endogenous DNA damage in humans: a review of quantitative data. Mutagenesis 19:169–185
38. Liu Y, Fiscum G, Schubert D (2002) Generation of reactive oxygen species by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. J Neurochem 80:780–787
39. Loschen G, Azzi A, Flohe L (1974) Superoxide radicals as precursors of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. FEBS Lett 42:68–72
40. Chen SX, Schopfer P (1999) Hydroxyl-radical production in physiological reactions. A novel
function of peroxidase. Eur J Biochem 260:726–735
41. Marnett LJ (1987) Peroxyl free radicals: potential mediators of tumor initiation and promotion. Carcinogenesis 8:1365–1373
42. Tjalkens RB, Carbone DL, Wu G (2011) Detection of nitric oxide formation in primary neural cells and tissues. Methods Mol Biol 758:267–277
43. Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and
pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109–142
44. Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA (1990) Apparent hydroxyl
radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and
superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:1620–1624
45. Beckman JS (1990) Ischaemic injury mediator. Nature 345:27–28
46. Merenyi G, Lind J (1998) Free radical formation in the peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH)/peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) system. Chem Res Toxicol 4:243–246
47. Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA (1990) Apparent hydroxyl
radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and
superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:1620–1624