86
N. R. Jena et al.
48. Gungor N, Knaapen AM, Munnia A, Peluso M, Haenen GR, Chiu RK, Godschalk RWL, van
Schooten FJ (2010) Genotoxic effects of neutrophils and hypochlorous acid. Mutagenesis
25:149–154
49. Weiss SJ, Test ST, Eckmann CM, Roos D, Regiani S (1986) Brominating oxidants generated
by human eosinophils. Science 234:200–203
50. Eiserich JP, Hristova M, Cross CE, Jones AD, Freeman BA, Halliwell B, van der Vliet A
(1998) Formation of nitric oxide-derived inflammatory oxidants by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils. Nature 391:393–397
51. Eiserich JP, Cross CE, Jones AD, Halliwell B, van der Vliet A (1996) Formation of nitrating
and chlorinating species by reaction of nitrite with hypochlorous acid. A novel mechanism
for nitric oxide-mediated protein modification. J Biol Chem 271:19199–19208
52. Khan AU, Kasha M (1994) Singlet molecular oxygen evolution upon simple acidification of
aqueous hypochlorite: application to studies on the deleterious health effects of chlorinated
drinking water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12362–12364
53. Candeias LP, Stratford MR, Wardman P (1994) Formation of hydroxyl radicals on reaction of
hypochlorous acid with ferrocyanide, a model iron(II) complex. Free Radic Res 20:241–249
54. Farina M, Avila DS, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M (2013) Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: a focus on iron, manganese and mercury. Neurochem Int 62:575–594
55. Cadet J, Douki T, Badouard C, Favier A, Ravanat J (2007) Oxidatively generated damage to
cellular DNA. In: Evans MD, Cooke MS (eds) Oxidative damage to nucleic acids. Landes
Bioscience & Springer, Austin, pp 1–13
56. Loft S, Poulsen HE (1996) Cancer risk and oxidative DNA damage in man. J Mol Mod
74:297–312
57. Steenken S, Jovanovic S (1997) How easily oxidizable is DNA? One-electron reduction potentials of adenosine and guanosine in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 119:617–618
58. Fukuzumi S, Miyao H, Ohkubo K, Suenobu T (2005) Electron-transfer oxidation properties
of DNA bases and DNA oligomers. J Phys Chem A 109:3285–3294
59. Jena NR, Mishra PC (2005) Mechanisms of formation of 8-oxoguanine due to reactions of
one and two OH radicals and the H 2 O 2 molecule with guanine: a quantum computational
study. J Phys Chem B 109:14205–14218
60. White B, Smyth MR, Stuart JD, Rusling JF (2003) Oscillating formation of 8-oxoguanine
during DNA oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 125:6604–6605
61. Jena NR, Mishra PC (2007) Formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxoguanine due to reactions
of peroxynitrite with guanine. J Comput Chem 8:1321–1335
62. Jena NR, Kushwaha PS, Mishra PC (2008) Reaction of hypochlorous acid with imidazole:
formation of 2-chloro- and 2-oxoimidazoles. J Comput Chem 29:98–107
63. Agnihotri N, Mishra PC (2009) Mutagenic product formation due to reaction of guanine radical cation with nitrogen dioxide. J Phys Chem B 113:3129–3138
64. Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2007) H 2 O 3 as a reactive oxygen species: formation of 8-oxoguanine
from its reaction with guanine. J Phys Chem B 111: 4603–4615
65. Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2008) Catalytic involvement of CO 2 in the mutagenesis caused by
reactions of ONOO
−
with guanine. J Phys Chem B 112:4779–4789
66. Kumar N, Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2010) Reaction of the OOH radical with guanine: mechanisms of formation of 8-oxoguanine and other products. Chem Phys 375:118–129
67. Agnihotri N, Mishra PC (2010) Formation of 8-nitroguanine due to reaction between guanyl
radical and nitrogen dioxide: catalytic role of hydration. J Phys Chem B 114:7391–7404
68. Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2008) Reaction of NO 2 Cl with imidazole: a model study for the corresponding reactions of guanine. J Phys Chem B 112:7925–7936
69. Mishra PC, Singh AK, Suhai S (2005) Interaction of singlet oxygen and superoxide radical
anion with guanine and formation of its mutagenic modification 8-oxoguanine. Int J Quant
Chem 102:282–301
70. Candeias LP, Steenken S (2000) Reaction of OH
•
with guanine derivatives in aqueous solution: formation of two different redox-active OH-adduct radicals and their unimolecular
transformation reactions. Properties of G(-H). Chem A Eur J 6:475–484
N. R. Jena et al.
48. Gungor N, Knaapen AM, Munnia A, Peluso M, Haenen GR, Chiu RK, Godschalk RWL, van
Schooten FJ (2010) Genotoxic effects of neutrophils and hypochlorous acid. Mutagenesis
25:149–154
49. Weiss SJ, Test ST, Eckmann CM, Roos D, Regiani S (1986) Brominating oxidants generated
by human eosinophils. Science 234:200–203
50. Eiserich JP, Hristova M, Cross CE, Jones AD, Freeman BA, Halliwell B, van der Vliet A
(1998) Formation of nitric oxide-derived inflammatory oxidants by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils. Nature 391:393–397
51. Eiserich JP, Cross CE, Jones AD, Halliwell B, van der Vliet A (1996) Formation of nitrating
and chlorinating species by reaction of nitrite with hypochlorous acid. A novel mechanism
for nitric oxide-mediated protein modification. J Biol Chem 271:19199–19208
52. Khan AU, Kasha M (1994) Singlet molecular oxygen evolution upon simple acidification of
aqueous hypochlorite: application to studies on the deleterious health effects of chlorinated
drinking water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12362–12364
53. Candeias LP, Stratford MR, Wardman P (1994) Formation of hydroxyl radicals on reaction of
hypochlorous acid with ferrocyanide, a model iron(II) complex. Free Radic Res 20:241–249
54. Farina M, Avila DS, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M (2013) Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: a focus on iron, manganese and mercury. Neurochem Int 62:575–594
55. Cadet J, Douki T, Badouard C, Favier A, Ravanat J (2007) Oxidatively generated damage to
cellular DNA. In: Evans MD, Cooke MS (eds) Oxidative damage to nucleic acids. Landes
Bioscience & Springer, Austin, pp 1–13
56. Loft S, Poulsen HE (1996) Cancer risk and oxidative DNA damage in man. J Mol Mod
74:297–312
57. Steenken S, Jovanovic S (1997) How easily oxidizable is DNA? One-electron reduction potentials of adenosine and guanosine in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 119:617–618
58. Fukuzumi S, Miyao H, Ohkubo K, Suenobu T (2005) Electron-transfer oxidation properties
of DNA bases and DNA oligomers. J Phys Chem A 109:3285–3294
59. Jena NR, Mishra PC (2005) Mechanisms of formation of 8-oxoguanine due to reactions of
one and two OH radicals and the H 2 O 2 molecule with guanine: a quantum computational
study. J Phys Chem B 109:14205–14218
60. White B, Smyth MR, Stuart JD, Rusling JF (2003) Oscillating formation of 8-oxoguanine
during DNA oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 125:6604–6605
61. Jena NR, Mishra PC (2007) Formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxoguanine due to reactions
of peroxynitrite with guanine. J Comput Chem 8:1321–1335
62. Jena NR, Kushwaha PS, Mishra PC (2008) Reaction of hypochlorous acid with imidazole:
formation of 2-chloro- and 2-oxoimidazoles. J Comput Chem 29:98–107
63. Agnihotri N, Mishra PC (2009) Mutagenic product formation due to reaction of guanine radical cation with nitrogen dioxide. J Phys Chem B 113:3129–3138
64. Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2007) H 2 O 3 as a reactive oxygen species: formation of 8-oxoguanine
from its reaction with guanine. J Phys Chem B 111: 4603–4615
65. Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2008) Catalytic involvement of CO 2 in the mutagenesis caused by
reactions of ONOO
−
with guanine. J Phys Chem B 112:4779–4789
66. Kumar N, Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2010) Reaction of the OOH radical with guanine: mechanisms of formation of 8-oxoguanine and other products. Chem Phys 375:118–129
67. Agnihotri N, Mishra PC (2010) Formation of 8-nitroguanine due to reaction between guanyl
radical and nitrogen dioxide: catalytic role of hydration. J Phys Chem B 114:7391–7404
68. Shukla PK, Mishra PC (2008) Reaction of NO 2 Cl with imidazole: a model study for the corresponding reactions of guanine. J Phys Chem B 112:7925–7936
69. Mishra PC, Singh AK, Suhai S (2005) Interaction of singlet oxygen and superoxide radical
anion with guanine and formation of its mutagenic modification 8-oxoguanine. Int J Quant
Chem 102:282–301
70. Candeias LP, Steenken S (2000) Reaction of OH
•
with guanine derivatives in aqueous solution: formation of two different redox-active OH-adduct radicals and their unimolecular
transformation reactions. Properties of G(-H). Chem A Eur J 6:475–484