287
9 Polyphenol Glycosides as Potential Remedies in Kidney …
The plant material was obtained through by the stepwise extraction by the organic solvent: chloroform, methanol, and water. The dry extract was analyzed for
their complexing activity. Extracts obtained in each methods were tested by conductometric titration method (Table 9.4) and flame photometry (Table 9.5). Their
properties were evaluated as the shift of the end point (EP) in the conductometric
titration and the flame photometry results as a Δ% of emission (ΔCa
2 +
) as described
above. The results are presented in Tables 9.4 and 9.5.
NMR spectra have shown that ethanol–water and water extract at Galium verum, Rubia tinctorum, Hypericum perforatum and Humulus lupulus contain: sugar
alcohols (myoinositol, arabitol, rybitol, inositol), and monosaccharides (glucose,
xylose, ribose, fructose, galactose. Acids, such as citric, malonic, malic, glucuronic
are also present. For more details see [47].
9.5 Computational Modeling
Nowadays, computational methods is an inherent and parallel tool for research of
new compounds. As mentioned previously, the interactions, between carbohydrates
and metal ions usually are very weak. There are several aspects, which can be considered by using computational approaches e.g. structures of complexes, their staTable 9.4 Results of conductometric titration. (Reprinted from [47], Copyright (2010) with
permission from Elsevier)
End point of the sample
curve (μl)
End point of the standardization curve (μl)
ΔEP (μl)
Crude extract
250
270
20
Fraction chloroform I
280
280
0
Fraction water II
170
250
80
Fraction soluble in methanol 190
280
90
Fraction insoluble in methanol 90
250
160
Rubinex
270
280
10
Table 9.5 Results of flame photometry for studied preparations—calcium oxalate test. (Reprinted
from [47], Copyright (2010) with permission from Elsevier)
Concentration
of Ca
2 +
in
sample test
(10
− 4
M)
% Of
emission in
sample test
Concentration
of Ca
2 +
in blind
test (10
− 4
M)
% Of
emission in
blind test
ΔCa
2
(10
− 4
M)
Δ% of
emission
Crude extract
14.0
56
13.0
55
−3.50
−14
Fraction water II –
–
–
–
–
–
Fraction soluble
in methanol
9.6
39
0.74
3
5.18
21
Fraction insoluble in methanol
9.9
40
9.9
40
−3.70
−15
Rubinex
1.4
6
3.0
12
−5.10
−21
9 Polyphenol Glycosides as Potential Remedies in Kidney …
The plant material was obtained through by the stepwise extraction by the organic solvent: chloroform, methanol, and water. The dry extract was analyzed for
their complexing activity. Extracts obtained in each methods were tested by conductometric titration method (Table 9.4) and flame photometry (Table 9.5). Their
properties were evaluated as the shift of the end point (EP) in the conductometric
titration and the flame photometry results as a Δ% of emission (ΔCa
2 +
) as described
above. The results are presented in Tables 9.4 and 9.5.
NMR spectra have shown that ethanol–water and water extract at Galium verum, Rubia tinctorum, Hypericum perforatum and Humulus lupulus contain: sugar
alcohols (myoinositol, arabitol, rybitol, inositol), and monosaccharides (glucose,
xylose, ribose, fructose, galactose. Acids, such as citric, malonic, malic, glucuronic
are also present. For more details see [47].
9.5 Computational Modeling
Nowadays, computational methods is an inherent and parallel tool for research of
new compounds. As mentioned previously, the interactions, between carbohydrates
and metal ions usually are very weak. There are several aspects, which can be considered by using computational approaches e.g. structures of complexes, their staTable 9.4 Results of conductometric titration. (Reprinted from [47], Copyright (2010) with
permission from Elsevier)
End point of the sample
curve (μl)
End point of the standardization curve (μl)
ΔEP (μl)
Crude extract
250
270
20
Fraction chloroform I
280
280
0
Fraction water II
170
250
80
Fraction soluble in methanol 190
280
90
Fraction insoluble in methanol 90
250
160
Rubinex
270
280
10
Table 9.5 Results of flame photometry for studied preparations—calcium oxalate test. (Reprinted
from [47], Copyright (2010) with permission from Elsevier)
Concentration
of Ca
2 +
in
sample test
(10
− 4
M)
% Of
emission in
sample test
Concentration
of Ca
2 +
in blind
test (10
− 4
M)
% Of
emission in
blind test
ΔCa
2
(10
− 4
M)
Δ% of
emission
Crude extract
14.0
56
13.0
55
−3.50
−14
Fraction water II –
–
–
–
–
–
Fraction soluble
in methanol
9.6
39
0.74
3
5.18
21
Fraction insoluble in methanol
9.9
40
9.9
40
−3.70
−15
Rubinex
1.4
6
3.0
12
−5.10
−21