68
nanoaggregates both in oral and ophthalmic drug delivery could be a promising
strategy to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs (Loftsson and
Stefansson 2017; Kumar and Rao 2019). Nanomaterials are also interesting because
they can be formulated as oral, parenteral, topical, or inhalation dosage forms
(Chilajwar et al. 2014). They can be targeted by using specific components and/or
moieties, e.g., antibody-targeted cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles were developed
for siRNA delivery in the treatment of myeloid leukemia (Guo et al. 2017). Various
innovative ideas for the purpose-oriented design of such systems have been published, e.g., “ship-in-a-bottle” (Xu et al. 2019), modern Trojan horse (Gilmore and
Colson 2011), and molecular Lego approach for the diversity-oriented synthesis of
cyclodextrin analogues as scaffolds for multivalent systems (Lepage et al. 2015).
Promising developments for nanoparticles are under way in emerging domains such
as nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals (Fenyvesi et al. 2016; Adeoye et al. 2017).
Further contributions are also expected in the near future in bacterial resistance and
chemotherapy (Carneiro et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2019b).
Recently, Higashi et al. (2018) introduced a new concept in pharmaceutical sciences termed “supramolecular pharmaceutical sciences” which combines pharmacy
domain and supramolecular chemistry. This concept is focused on the development
of cyclodextrin-based supermolecules, such as polyspeudorotaxanes, polyrotaxanes, polycatenanes, and daisy chains, as active pharmaceutical ingredients used,
for instance, against Niemann-Pick type C disease, leukemia, Alzheimer’s disease,
chronic renal failure, or sterility. These biodegradable polyrotaxanes ensure longer
residence time and slow release of the cyclodextrin – mostly hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin – as active ingredient. The low local concentrations result in reduced
toxicity even in the case of the methylated derivatives.
The number of publications on the use of nanofibers containing cyclodextrins,
e.g., prepared by electrospinning, is also growing (Celebioglu and Uyar 2012, 2013;
Aytac et al. 2015, 2016; Topuz and Uyar 2019). These nanofibers are proposed as
innovative products for medicine, biomedicine, and nanomedicine applications,
e.g., for medical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, stents, prosthesis, and bone
implants. Most of these studies are in the proof-of-concept stage, and only a few
therapeutic nanosystems/nanomaterials have been comprehensively investigated.
Nanofibers are also proposed for textile and environmental applications (Celebioglu
et al. 2016), e.g., innovative clothing, filtration media, and membranes.
The use of cyclodextrins for veterinary purposes seems to be a promising domain
(Chiu et al. 2016). New formulations continue to be reported, e.g., Itrafungol™,
Voriconazole Dexolve™, Nexterone™, Cereni™, Vetmedin™, Suvaxyn™, etc.
Itrafungol™ is an antifungal containing 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin used as
antimycotic drug in oral form in cats. Another example is Voriconazole Dexolve™,
a commercial formulation containing sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin as an excipient, used as an antimycotic drug for veterinary and human use. Suvaxyn™ containing a sulfolipo-cyclodextrin as adjuvant is used as vaccine for the active immunization
of pigs.
The global market of cyclodextrins used in food industries is continuously
increasing (Fenyvesi and Szente 2016; Fenyvesi et al. 2016). The main application
N. Morin-Crini et al.
nanoaggregates both in oral and ophthalmic drug delivery could be a promising
strategy to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs (Loftsson and
Stefansson 2017; Kumar and Rao 2019). Nanomaterials are also interesting because
they can be formulated as oral, parenteral, topical, or inhalation dosage forms
(Chilajwar et al. 2014). They can be targeted by using specific components and/or
moieties, e.g., antibody-targeted cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles were developed
for siRNA delivery in the treatment of myeloid leukemia (Guo et al. 2017). Various
innovative ideas for the purpose-oriented design of such systems have been published, e.g., “ship-in-a-bottle” (Xu et al. 2019), modern Trojan horse (Gilmore and
Colson 2011), and molecular Lego approach for the diversity-oriented synthesis of
cyclodextrin analogues as scaffolds for multivalent systems (Lepage et al. 2015).
Promising developments for nanoparticles are under way in emerging domains such
as nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals (Fenyvesi et al. 2016; Adeoye et al. 2017).
Further contributions are also expected in the near future in bacterial resistance and
chemotherapy (Carneiro et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2019b).
Recently, Higashi et al. (2018) introduced a new concept in pharmaceutical sciences termed “supramolecular pharmaceutical sciences” which combines pharmacy
domain and supramolecular chemistry. This concept is focused on the development
of cyclodextrin-based supermolecules, such as polyspeudorotaxanes, polyrotaxanes, polycatenanes, and daisy chains, as active pharmaceutical ingredients used,
for instance, against Niemann-Pick type C disease, leukemia, Alzheimer’s disease,
chronic renal failure, or sterility. These biodegradable polyrotaxanes ensure longer
residence time and slow release of the cyclodextrin – mostly hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin – as active ingredient. The low local concentrations result in reduced
toxicity even in the case of the methylated derivatives.
The number of publications on the use of nanofibers containing cyclodextrins,
e.g., prepared by electrospinning, is also growing (Celebioglu and Uyar 2012, 2013;
Aytac et al. 2015, 2016; Topuz and Uyar 2019). These nanofibers are proposed as
innovative products for medicine, biomedicine, and nanomedicine applications,
e.g., for medical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, stents, prosthesis, and bone
implants. Most of these studies are in the proof-of-concept stage, and only a few
therapeutic nanosystems/nanomaterials have been comprehensively investigated.
Nanofibers are also proposed for textile and environmental applications (Celebioglu
et al. 2016), e.g., innovative clothing, filtration media, and membranes.
The use of cyclodextrins for veterinary purposes seems to be a promising domain
(Chiu et al. 2016). New formulations continue to be reported, e.g., Itrafungol™,
Voriconazole Dexolve™, Nexterone™, Cereni™, Vetmedin™, Suvaxyn™, etc.
Itrafungol™ is an antifungal containing 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin used as
antimycotic drug in oral form in cats. Another example is Voriconazole Dexolve™,
a commercial formulation containing sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin as an excipient, used as an antimycotic drug for veterinary and human use. Suvaxyn™ containing a sulfolipo-cyclodextrin as adjuvant is used as vaccine for the active immunization
of pigs.
The global market of cyclodextrins used in food industries is continuously
increasing (Fenyvesi and Szente 2016; Fenyvesi et al. 2016). The main application
N. Morin-Crini et al.