306
specific target site such as cancer cells with minimum toxicity to normal cells,
greater surface area over microparticles, and higher stability over liposomes.
Accordingly, nanoparticles based on cyclodextrins have gained notable interest, and
a variety of nanoparticles have been developed since the last two decades.
This chapter review major critical research on cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles
to explain their versatility and high potential for advanced drug delivery, protein and
peptide drug delivery, and gene delivery. This chapter also highlights the role of
cyclodextrins in specific types of nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and magnetic,
polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Finally, pharmaceutical applications of
amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles and miscellaneous administration routes of
cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles are also discussed.
Keywords History · Nanoparticles · Pharmacy · Drug delivery · Protein · Peptides
· Amphiphilic materials
Abbreviations
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
MCF-7 Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
MDR1 Multidrug resistance protein 1
mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
siRNA Small interfering ribonucleic acid
7.1 Introduction
The presence of the hydrophobic cavity renders cyclodextrins able to form inclusion
complexes. These molecules contribute distinguished advantages due to their novel
architectural features to form inclusion complexes with several kinds of molecules
like ions, protein, and oligonucleotides (Lysik and Wu-Pong 2003). Inclusion complexes are formed when the “guest” molecule usually a drug is partially or fully
included inside the “host’s cavity” (Szente and Szejtli 1999). Owing to the hydrophobic cavity, cyclodextrins as ghosts offer the guest a suitable environment for
interaction (Fig. 7.1). The outer hydrophilic surface of cyclodextrins is compatible
with water, which allows hydrogen bonding cohesive interactions (Challa
et al. 2005).
In 1891, Villiers first discovered the cyclodextrins. He determined a crystal structure called “cellulosine” from the isolation of starch after the digestion by Bacillus
amylobacter. Then, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Schardinger described
two crystalline dextrins (α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin), which were separated
from bacterial digestion of potato starch (Schardinger 1903; Crini 2014).
A. Pandey
specific target site such as cancer cells with minimum toxicity to normal cells,
greater surface area over microparticles, and higher stability over liposomes.
Accordingly, nanoparticles based on cyclodextrins have gained notable interest, and
a variety of nanoparticles have been developed since the last two decades.
This chapter review major critical research on cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles
to explain their versatility and high potential for advanced drug delivery, protein and
peptide drug delivery, and gene delivery. This chapter also highlights the role of
cyclodextrins in specific types of nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and magnetic,
polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Finally, pharmaceutical applications of
amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles and miscellaneous administration routes of
cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles are also discussed.
Keywords History · Nanoparticles · Pharmacy · Drug delivery · Protein · Peptides
· Amphiphilic materials
Abbreviations
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
MCF-7 Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
MDR1 Multidrug resistance protein 1
mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
siRNA Small interfering ribonucleic acid
7.1 Introduction
The presence of the hydrophobic cavity renders cyclodextrins able to form inclusion
complexes. These molecules contribute distinguished advantages due to their novel
architectural features to form inclusion complexes with several kinds of molecules
like ions, protein, and oligonucleotides (Lysik and Wu-Pong 2003). Inclusion complexes are formed when the “guest” molecule usually a drug is partially or fully
included inside the “host’s cavity” (Szente and Szejtli 1999). Owing to the hydrophobic cavity, cyclodextrins as ghosts offer the guest a suitable environment for
interaction (Fig. 7.1). The outer hydrophilic surface of cyclodextrins is compatible
with water, which allows hydrogen bonding cohesive interactions (Challa
et al. 2005).
In 1891, Villiers first discovered the cyclodextrins. He determined a crystal structure called “cellulosine” from the isolation of starch after the digestion by Bacillus
amylobacter. Then, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Schardinger described
two crystalline dextrins (α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin), which were separated
from bacterial digestion of potato starch (Schardinger 1903; Crini 2014).
A. Pandey