224
Sensemaking in Safety Critical and Complex Situations
FIGURE 13.9 ANSI/H FES-100 compliant IO devices used in UAS GCS.
entire flight. Mouse and trackballs are interchangeable. All GCS studied
had a mouse or trackball similar to the findings in previous study.
• Joystick: A hand-operated stick that pivots on a base, reports its angle and/ or
direction to the CW. A joystick is similar to center stick used by pilots in the
aircraft. Operators use joystick to input angle and direction into the GCS;
it is used for in-flight maneuvers only. Joysticks were found in 53% of the
GCS in the study, which is a nominal increase from 50% in previous study
(W araich, Mazzuchi, Shahram, & Rico, 2013).
• Touch panel: A t ouch-sensitive panel for controlling a system without the
use of any input devices ( i.e., keyboard, mouse, or trackball). Touch panels are used during the entire flight. Touch panels were found in 44% of
the UAS GCS in this study compared to only 25% usage in previous study
( Waraich, Mazzuchi, Shahram, & Rico, 2013).
• Gamepad: Gamepads are supplied with gaming consoles, such as PlayStation
and Xbox. In gaming consoles, a gamepad provides means to control an
o n-screen object or allow users to move through menus to make selections.
Its use in the GCS is limited to surfing through menus and making selections. Gamepads are used during the entire flight. Gamepads were found in
14% of the GCS, which is a nominal increase from 10% in previous study
( Waraich, Mazzuchi, Shahram, & Rico, 2013).
Table 13.2 shows IO devices used in the GCS from each of the UAS Groups 2 through 5.
Of the 36 GCS studied, there were a total of 225 IO devices or on average 6.25 IO
devices per GCS. Five gamepads were found to be noncompliant to ANSI/ H FES-100
IO category. Overall, 98% of all IO devices used in the UAS GCS are specified by
ANSI/ H FES-100 IO category. The previous study of 20 GCS had combined 127 IO
devices, or 6.35 IO devices per GCS on average, which is slightly more than the 6.25
IO devices per GCS in this study. The slight downtick in use of number of IO devices
Sensemaking in Safety Critical and Complex Situations
FIGURE 13.9 ANSI/H FES-100 compliant IO devices used in UAS GCS.
entire flight. Mouse and trackballs are interchangeable. All GCS studied
had a mouse or trackball similar to the findings in previous study.
• Joystick: A hand-operated stick that pivots on a base, reports its angle and/ or
direction to the CW. A joystick is similar to center stick used by pilots in the
aircraft. Operators use joystick to input angle and direction into the GCS;
it is used for in-flight maneuvers only. Joysticks were found in 53% of the
GCS in the study, which is a nominal increase from 50% in previous study
(W araich, Mazzuchi, Shahram, & Rico, 2013).
• Touch panel: A t ouch-sensitive panel for controlling a system without the
use of any input devices ( i.e., keyboard, mouse, or trackball). Touch panels are used during the entire flight. Touch panels were found in 44% of
the UAS GCS in this study compared to only 25% usage in previous study
( Waraich, Mazzuchi, Shahram, & Rico, 2013).
• Gamepad: Gamepads are supplied with gaming consoles, such as PlayStation
and Xbox. In gaming consoles, a gamepad provides means to control an
o n-screen object or allow users to move through menus to make selections.
Its use in the GCS is limited to surfing through menus and making selections. Gamepads are used during the entire flight. Gamepads were found in
14% of the GCS, which is a nominal increase from 10% in previous study
( Waraich, Mazzuchi, Shahram, & Rico, 2013).
Table 13.2 shows IO devices used in the GCS from each of the UAS Groups 2 through 5.
Of the 36 GCS studied, there were a total of 225 IO devices or on average 6.25 IO
devices per GCS. Five gamepads were found to be noncompliant to ANSI/ H FES-100
IO category. Overall, 98% of all IO devices used in the UAS GCS are specified by
ANSI/ H FES-100 IO category. The previous study of 20 GCS had combined 127 IO
devices, or 6.35 IO devices per GCS on average, which is slightly more than the 6.25
IO devices per GCS in this study. The slight downtick in use of number of IO devices