xix
Contents
Chapter 26 Petroleum Products .................................................................................................. 717
26.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 717
26.2 Gaseous Fuels ................................................................................................ 721
26.2.1 Composition ..................................................................................... 722
26.2.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................... 722
26.2.3 Properties and Uses .......................................................................... 722
26.3 Naphtha .......................................................................................................... 725
26.3.1 Composition ..................................................................................... 725
26.3.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................... 726
26.3.3 Properties and Uses .......................................................................... 728
26.4 Gasoline ......................................................................................................... 729
26.4.1 Composition ..................................................................................... 729
26.4.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................... 731
26.4.3 Properties and Uses .......................................................................... 733
26.4.4 Octane Number ................................................................................ 733
26.4.5 Additives ........................................................................................... 735
26.5 Kerosene ........................................................................................................ 737
26.5.1 Composition ..................................................................................... 737
26.5.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................... 738
26.5.3 Properties and Uses .......................................................................... 738
26.6 Fuel Oil .......................................................................................................... 739
26.6.1 Composition ..................................................................................... 739
26.6.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................... 740
26.6.3 Uses .................................................................................................. 741
26.7 Lubricating Oil .............................................................................................. 742
26.7.1 Composition ..................................................................................... 742
26.7.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................... 743
26.7.2.1 Chemical Refining Processes ........................................... 743
26.7.2.2 Hydroprocessing ............................................................... 744
26.7.2.3 Solvent Refining Processes ............................................... 744
26.7.2.4 Catalytic Dewaxing .......................................................... 744
26.7.2.5 Solvent Dewaxing ............................................................. 744
26.7.2.6 Finishing Processes .......................................................... 745
26.7.2.7 Older Processes ................................................................. 745
26.7.3 Properties and Uses .......................................................................... 747
26.8 Other Oil Products ......................................................................................... 748
26.8.1 White Oil .......................................................................................... 748
26.8.2 Insulating Oil .................................................................................... 749
26.8.3 Insecticides ....................................................................................... 749
26.9 Grease ............................................................................................................ 750
26.9.1 Composition ..................................................................................... 750
26.9.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................... 751
26.9.3 Properties and Uses .......................................................................... 752
26.9.3.1 Lime Soap Grease ............................................................. 753
26.9.3.2 Sodium Soap Grease ......................................................... 753
26.9.3.3 Lithium and Barium Soap Grease .................................... 753
26.9.3.4 Aluminum Soap Grease .................................................... 753
26.9.3.5 Calcium Soap Grease ........................................................ 754
26.9.3.6 Cold Sett Grease ............................................................... 754