xviii
Contents
24.8.1.4 Ferrocyanide Process ...................................................... 679
24.8.1.5 Lye Treatment ................................................................. 679
24.8.1.6 Mercapsol Process ..........................................................680
24.8.1.7 Polysulfide Treatment .....................................................680
24.8.1.8 Sodasol Process .............................................................. 680
24.8.1.9 Solutizer Process ............................................................. 681
24.8.1.10 Steam-Regenerative Caustic Treatment .......................... 681
24.8.1.11 Unisol Process ................................................................ 681
24.8.2 Acid Processes .................................................................................. 681
24.8.2.1 Nalfining Process ............................................................ 683
24.8.2.2 Sulfuric Acid Treatment ................................................. 683
24.8.3 Clay Processes .................................................................................. 683
24.8.3.1 Alkylation Effluent Treatment ........................................684
24.8.3.2 Arosorb Process ..............................................................684
24.8.3.3 Bauxite Treatment ...........................................................684
24.8.3.4 Continuous Contact Filtration Process ...........................684
24.8.3.5 Cyclic Adsorption Process ..............................................684
24.8.3.6 Gray Clay Treatment ....................................................... 685
24.8.3.7 Percolation Filtration Process ......................................... 685
24.8.3.8 Thermofor Continuous Percolation Process ................... 685
24.8.4 Oxidative Processes ......................................................................... 685
24.8.4.1 Bender Process ............................................................... 685
24.8.4.2 Copper Sweetening Process............................................ 686
24.8.4.3 Doctor Process ................................................................ 686
24.8.4.4 Hypochlorite Sweetening Process .................................. 687
24.8.4.5 Inhibitor Sweetening Process ......................................... 687
24.8.4.6 Merox Process ................................................................ 687
24.8.5 Solvent Processes ............................................................................. 687
References ................................................................................................................ 689
Chapter 25 Gas Processing ......................................................................................................... 691
25.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 691
25.2 Gas Streams ................................................................................................... 691
25.2.1 Gas Streams from Crude Oil ............................................................ 698
25.2.2 Gas Streams from Natural Gas ........................................................ 702
25.3 Water Removal .............................................................................................. 702
25.3.1 Absorption ........................................................................................ 703
25.3.2 Solid Adsorbents .............................................................................. 704
25.3.3 Use of Membranes ............................................................................ 705
25.4 Liquid Removal ............................................................................................. 705
25.4.1 Extraction ......................................................................................... 705
25.4.2 Absorption ........................................................................................ 706
25.4.3 Fractionation of Natural Gas Liquids ............................................... 707
25.5 Nitrogen Removal .......................................................................................... 707
25.6 Acid Gas Removal ......................................................................................... 708
25.7 Enrichment .................................................................................................... 711
25.8 Fractionation .................................................................................................. 711
25.9 Claus Process ................................................................................................. 712
References ................................................................................................................ 714
Contents
24.8.1.4 Ferrocyanide Process ...................................................... 679
24.8.1.5 Lye Treatment ................................................................. 679
24.8.1.6 Mercapsol Process ..........................................................680
24.8.1.7 Polysulfide Treatment .....................................................680
24.8.1.8 Sodasol Process .............................................................. 680
24.8.1.9 Solutizer Process ............................................................. 681
24.8.1.10 Steam-Regenerative Caustic Treatment .......................... 681
24.8.1.11 Unisol Process ................................................................ 681
24.8.2 Acid Processes .................................................................................. 681
24.8.2.1 Nalfining Process ............................................................ 683
24.8.2.2 Sulfuric Acid Treatment ................................................. 683
24.8.3 Clay Processes .................................................................................. 683
24.8.3.1 Alkylation Effluent Treatment ........................................684
24.8.3.2 Arosorb Process ..............................................................684
24.8.3.3 Bauxite Treatment ...........................................................684
24.8.3.4 Continuous Contact Filtration Process ...........................684
24.8.3.5 Cyclic Adsorption Process ..............................................684
24.8.3.6 Gray Clay Treatment ....................................................... 685
24.8.3.7 Percolation Filtration Process ......................................... 685
24.8.3.8 Thermofor Continuous Percolation Process ................... 685
24.8.4 Oxidative Processes ......................................................................... 685
24.8.4.1 Bender Process ............................................................... 685
24.8.4.2 Copper Sweetening Process............................................ 686
24.8.4.3 Doctor Process ................................................................ 686
24.8.4.4 Hypochlorite Sweetening Process .................................. 687
24.8.4.5 Inhibitor Sweetening Process ......................................... 687
24.8.4.6 Merox Process ................................................................ 687
24.8.5 Solvent Processes ............................................................................. 687
References ................................................................................................................ 689
Chapter 25 Gas Processing ......................................................................................................... 691
25.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 691
25.2 Gas Streams ................................................................................................... 691
25.2.1 Gas Streams from Crude Oil ............................................................ 698
25.2.2 Gas Streams from Natural Gas ........................................................ 702
25.3 Water Removal .............................................................................................. 702
25.3.1 Absorption ........................................................................................ 703
25.3.2 Solid Adsorbents .............................................................................. 704
25.3.3 Use of Membranes ............................................................................ 705
25.4 Liquid Removal ............................................................................................. 705
25.4.1 Extraction ......................................................................................... 705
25.4.2 Absorption ........................................................................................ 706
25.4.3 Fractionation of Natural Gas Liquids ............................................... 707
25.5 Nitrogen Removal .......................................................................................... 707
25.6 Acid Gas Removal ......................................................................................... 708
25.7 Enrichment .................................................................................................... 711
25.8 Fractionation .................................................................................................. 711
25.9 Claus Process ................................................................................................. 712
References ................................................................................................................ 714