441
Figure 5. Beacon zone entry and exits alongside proximity readings.
Figure 6. Ramp travel times uphill loaded.
Since the density of Beacons can be dramatically increased due to their low cost and simplicity in mounting, far more precision and understanding of movements can be achieved.
As can be seen in Figure 6, which shows one month of data from an underground mine
where beacons were placed throughout a decline. The graph shows the variance, in the form
of a histogram, of the average inter-level loaded haulage time in the decline for a hard rock
underground mine. As can be seen, significant variance can be observed between levels 1825
to 1850 and 1875 to 1900. Managerial attention should be placed on these areas to reduce
both the mean and variance of the cycle time. The activities of the haul trucks were also
automatically detected (no operator input necessary) using a web-based user-configured triggering system that combines LE loading-unit sensing (the truck tablet sensing the loader
tablet), BLE beacons (configured as a ‘loading zone’), GPS (the trucks dumped on surface)
and built-in inertial sensors (detecting that the truck came to a stop).
4 MOTIVATION THROUGH GAMIFICATION
The current and incoming generation of mine workers have grown-up using smart devices
to manage their personal lives and for entertainment purposes such as video games.
304
Hauler- 580 • Loadina:- Read • PRODUCTION-ORE
02/21/l'J 16:03:00
02/21/19 15:03:47
I+
304
loader- 327 - SpottinR/Han ina:· Readv- PRODUCTION-ORE
02/21/19 16:02:52
02/21/19 16:03:10
304
FL4
02/2119 16:02:47
12/31 69 18:00:00
304
Hauler-580 -Dum ing- Read -PRODUCTION-ORE
02/21/l'J 16:02:44
02/21/19 16:03:02
304
02/21/,. "'03,27
29.18
VOLVOA400
Haula e
580
304
02/21/19 16:03:17
31.99
VOLVOA40D
Haula e
580
304
02/21/19 16:03:07
71.52
CA~SOH
Loading
327
304
02/21/19 16:03:07
55.59
VOLVOA40D
Haula e
580
304
02/21/19 15,57,.7
46.42
VOLVOA40D
Haula e
573
304
02/21/19 07:29:17
28.85
CAT980H
Loadinll
327
304
02/21/19 07,29,07
32.87
CAT980H
Load ina:
327
304
02/21/19 07:28:57
32.6
CAT980H
Loadinll!
327
120
100
- Level1800 to 1825
- Level1825 to 1850
80
- Level1850 to 1875
>0
- Level1875 to 1900
~
., 60
::::
0"
., ....
"' "' 40
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'
N
M
::!
-
N
M
'
N
N
N
N
N
In-ramp time (seconds)
Figure 5. Beacon zone entry and exits alongside proximity readings.
Figure 6. Ramp travel times uphill loaded.
Since the density of Beacons can be dramatically increased due to their low cost and simplicity in mounting, far more precision and understanding of movements can be achieved.
As can be seen in Figure 6, which shows one month of data from an underground mine
where beacons were placed throughout a decline. The graph shows the variance, in the form
of a histogram, of the average inter-level loaded haulage time in the decline for a hard rock
underground mine. As can be seen, significant variance can be observed between levels 1825
to 1850 and 1875 to 1900. Managerial attention should be placed on these areas to reduce
both the mean and variance of the cycle time. The activities of the haul trucks were also
automatically detected (no operator input necessary) using a web-based user-configured triggering system that combines LE loading-unit sensing (the truck tablet sensing the loader
tablet), BLE beacons (configured as a ‘loading zone’), GPS (the trucks dumped on surface)
and built-in inertial sensors (detecting that the truck came to a stop).
4 MOTIVATION THROUGH GAMIFICATION
The current and incoming generation of mine workers have grown-up using smart devices
to manage their personal lives and for entertainment purposes such as video games.
304
Hauler- 580 • Loadina:- Read • PRODUCTION-ORE
02/21/l'J 16:03:00
02/21/19 15:03:47
I+
304
loader- 327 - SpottinR/Han ina:· Readv- PRODUCTION-ORE
02/21/19 16:02:52
02/21/19 16:03:10
304
FL4
02/2119 16:02:47
12/31 69 18:00:00
304
Hauler-580 -Dum ing- Read -PRODUCTION-ORE
02/21/l'J 16:02:44
02/21/19 16:03:02
304
02/21/,. "'03,27
29.18
VOLVOA400
Haula e
580
304
02/21/19 16:03:17
31.99
VOLVOA40D
Haula e
580
304
02/21/19 16:03:07
71.52
CA~SOH
Loading
327
304
02/21/19 16:03:07
55.59
VOLVOA40D
Haula e
580
304
02/21/19 15,57,.7
46.42
VOLVOA40D
Haula e
573
304
02/21/19 07:29:17
28.85
CAT980H
Loadinll
327
304
02/21/19 07,29,07
32.87
CAT980H
Load ina:
327
304
02/21/19 07:28:57
32.6
CAT980H
Loadinll!
327
120
100
- Level1800 to 1825
- Level1825 to 1850
80
- Level1850 to 1875
>0
- Level1875 to 1900
~
., 60
::::
0"
., ....
"' "' 40
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'
N
M
::!
-
N
M
'
N
N
N
N
N
In-ramp time (seconds)