Biomass
biofuels, 26, 27
bioinnovation, 215–217
exopolysaccharide deposit, 26
extremozymes, 249
food and feed supplement, 29–30
granulated axenic culture, 322
lignocellulosic, 257
Biomineralization (BIM)
BCM, 298
calcium cycle, 299
metabolic activities, 300
MICCP, 301–304
microbe-mediated silicate precipitation,
304–306
microbial cell surface, 300
mineral formation, 298
nucleation, 300
synthetic process, 298
Biomining, 8
Bioplastics
biodegradable and durable plastics, 165
biopolymers, 165
monomers, 164
PHAs, 166–167
polylactic acid, 166
Biorefinery, 249, 275–276, 280
Bioremediation
alkaliphiles, 35
biosurfactants, 170
metal-contaminated, 173
petroleum-contaminated, 171
protease, 213–214
red muds, 185
SEN, 237
Biosurfactants
alkaliphiles, 170
carbon sources, 170
detergent formulations, 169
hemicellulose hydrolysates, 276
IFT, 33
industrial products, 170
lipopeptide, 171
Ochrobactrum intermedium, 171
production by alkaliphiles, 25
Biotechnology
alkaliphiles (see Alkaliphiles)
environmental, 34–36
extremophiles, 5–9
global market value, 4
human perception, 5
metabolites (see Metabolites)
microorganisms, 4
C
Calcite (CaCO 3 )
in buffered medium, 301
organisms, 296
precipitation, 32, 296, 300, 303, 325
repair material, 307
ureolytic-based, 318
Calcium carbonate
crystal morphology, 327–328
MICCP, 301–304
Cardiolipin, 102–105, 110, 111, 120, 121
Carotenoids
of alkaliphiles, 23–24
colored lipidic pigments, 174
facultative alkaliphile strain, 175
health care and nutraceutical industry, 174
lycopene type, 175
marine alkali-tolerant strain, 176
photosynthetic organisms, 174
pigment analysis, 175
Cation, 94–96, 139, 148, 186, 301
Cell envelope
lipopolysaccharides, 100
membrane vesicles, 101–105, 110
S-layer proteins, 100–101
wall, 98–99
Cement
concrete production, 88
microbial-based concrete crack fixing, 308
and mortar mix, 315
in natural systems, 300
sands/soils/minerals, 303
Chromatography
acetic acid measurement, 163
FID detector, 74
GLC determination, 74
organic products, 76
phenotypic characterization, 74
Clean environment, 217
Compatible solutes (CS), 164, 167–168,
178, 204
Concrete
chemical-based, 296
crack repair, 296
degradation, 298
durability
Ca
2+ , 326–327
calcium carbonate crystal morphology,
327–328
microorganism and cell load, 324–325
pH, 325
temperature, 326
urea concentrations, 326–327
Index
345
biofuels, 26, 27
bioinnovation, 215–217
exopolysaccharide deposit, 26
extremozymes, 249
food and feed supplement, 29–30
granulated axenic culture, 322
lignocellulosic, 257
Biomineralization (BIM)
BCM, 298
calcium cycle, 299
metabolic activities, 300
MICCP, 301–304
microbe-mediated silicate precipitation,
304–306
microbial cell surface, 300
mineral formation, 298
nucleation, 300
synthetic process, 298
Biomining, 8
Bioplastics
biodegradable and durable plastics, 165
biopolymers, 165
monomers, 164
PHAs, 166–167
polylactic acid, 166
Biorefinery, 249, 275–276, 280
Bioremediation
alkaliphiles, 35
biosurfactants, 170
metal-contaminated, 173
petroleum-contaminated, 171
protease, 213–214
red muds, 185
SEN, 237
Biosurfactants
alkaliphiles, 170
carbon sources, 170
detergent formulations, 169
hemicellulose hydrolysates, 276
IFT, 33
industrial products, 170
lipopeptide, 171
Ochrobactrum intermedium, 171
production by alkaliphiles, 25
Biotechnology
alkaliphiles (see Alkaliphiles)
environmental, 34–36
extremophiles, 5–9
global market value, 4
human perception, 5
metabolites (see Metabolites)
microorganisms, 4
C
Calcite (CaCO 3 )
in buffered medium, 301
organisms, 296
precipitation, 32, 296, 300, 303, 325
repair material, 307
ureolytic-based, 318
Calcium carbonate
crystal morphology, 327–328
MICCP, 301–304
Cardiolipin, 102–105, 110, 111, 120, 121
Carotenoids
of alkaliphiles, 23–24
colored lipidic pigments, 174
facultative alkaliphile strain, 175
health care and nutraceutical industry, 174
lycopene type, 175
marine alkali-tolerant strain, 176
photosynthetic organisms, 174
pigment analysis, 175
Cation, 94–96, 139, 148, 186, 301
Cell envelope
lipopolysaccharides, 100
membrane vesicles, 101–105, 110
S-layer proteins, 100–101
wall, 98–99
Cement
concrete production, 88
microbial-based concrete crack fixing, 308
and mortar mix, 315
in natural systems, 300
sands/soils/minerals, 303
Chromatography
acetic acid measurement, 163
FID detector, 74
GLC determination, 74
organic products, 76
phenotypic characterization, 74
Clean environment, 217
Compatible solutes (CS), 164, 167–168,
178, 204
Concrete
chemical-based, 296
crack repair, 296
degradation, 298
durability
Ca
2+ , 326–327
calcium carbonate crystal morphology,
327–328
microorganism and cell load, 324–325
pH, 325
temperature, 326
urea concentrations, 326–327
Index
345