Keywords Alkaline active protease, Biodegradation and sustainability, Clean
environment, Leather manufacturing, Pollution
Abbreviations
BOD
Biological oxygen demand
COD
Chemical oxygen demand
CTLSs Chrome-tanned leather shavings
DHA
Docosahexaenoic acids
DPA
Docosapentaenoic acid
EC
Enzyme commission
EPA
Eicosapentaenoic
FPH
Fish protein hydrolysate
GRAS Generally recognized as safe
PTM
Posttranslational modification
PUFAs Polyunsaturated fatty acids
TAG
Triacylglycerols
TDS
Total dissolved solids
WE
Wax esters
WS
Wax ester synthase
1 Introduction
Leather is appreciated and treasured as one of the uttermost important ancient natural
products still existing in the industrial era [1]. Leather-making operation involves
conversion of raw skin and hide, a highly spoilable material from meat industry, into
leather, a stable material through series of mechanical and chemical operations. The
industry serves a paramount role in global economic development by providing
necessities such as leather clothing, boots, balls, saddles, hunting accessories, tent
coverings, containers, boat coverings, dog chews, drum heads, bookbindings, lacing,
shoes, purses, gloves, luggage bags, coats, clothing accessories, automotive interiors, upholstery for boats, aircraft, furniture and other garments. In spite of the
industry making important contribution to the socio-economic development of
developed and developing countries, through employment, production of valuable
products and export earnings, the industry has attracted public outcry due to severe
environmental degradation. Chemical-based industries are the prime targets of the
environmental activist for their crusade against pollution, and leather industries have
not been left out of such environmental protection campaigns. Close surveillance
from environmental control authorities and increased public awareness has pressurized tanneries to search for eco-friendly processing methods [2].
Alkaliphilic Enzymes and Their Application in Novel Leather Processing. . .
197
environment, Leather manufacturing, Pollution
Abbreviations
BOD
Biological oxygen demand
COD
Chemical oxygen demand
CTLSs Chrome-tanned leather shavings
DHA
Docosahexaenoic acids
DPA
Docosapentaenoic acid
EC
Enzyme commission
EPA
Eicosapentaenoic
FPH
Fish protein hydrolysate
GRAS Generally recognized as safe
PTM
Posttranslational modification
PUFAs Polyunsaturated fatty acids
TAG
Triacylglycerols
TDS
Total dissolved solids
WE
Wax esters
WS
Wax ester synthase
1 Introduction
Leather is appreciated and treasured as one of the uttermost important ancient natural
products still existing in the industrial era [1]. Leather-making operation involves
conversion of raw skin and hide, a highly spoilable material from meat industry, into
leather, a stable material through series of mechanical and chemical operations. The
industry serves a paramount role in global economic development by providing
necessities such as leather clothing, boots, balls, saddles, hunting accessories, tent
coverings, containers, boat coverings, dog chews, drum heads, bookbindings, lacing,
shoes, purses, gloves, luggage bags, coats, clothing accessories, automotive interiors, upholstery for boats, aircraft, furniture and other garments. In spite of the
industry making important contribution to the socio-economic development of
developed and developing countries, through employment, production of valuable
products and export earnings, the industry has attracted public outcry due to severe
environmental degradation. Chemical-based industries are the prime targets of the
environmental activist for their crusade against pollution, and leather industries have
not been left out of such environmental protection campaigns. Close surveillance
from environmental control authorities and increased public awareness has pressurized tanneries to search for eco-friendly processing methods [2].
Alkaliphilic Enzymes and Their Application in Novel Leather Processing. . .
197