286 GLOSSARY
Benzine: An obsolete term for light petroleum distillates covering
the gasoline and naphtha range; see Ligroine.
Benzol: The general term which refers to commercial or technical
(not necessarily pure) benzene; also the term used for aromatic
naphtha.
Billion: 1 x 10
9
.
Biochemical conversion: The use of fermentation or anaerobic
digestion to produce fuels and chemicals from organic sources.
Biodiesel: A fuel derived from biological sources that can be used
in diesel engines instead of petroleum-derived diesel; through
the process of transesterification, the triglycérides in the biologically derived oils are separated from the glycerin, creating a
clean-burning, renewable fuel.
Bioenergy: Useful, renewable energy produced from organic
matter - the conversion of the complex carbohydrates in organic
matter to energy; organic matter may either be used directly as
a fuel, processed into liquids and gasses, or be a residual of
processing and conversion.
Bioethanol: Ethanol produced from biomass feedstocks; includes
ethanol produced from the fermentation of crops, such as corn,
as well as cellulosic ethanol produced from woody plants or
grasses.
Biofuels: A generic name for liquid or gaseous fuels that are not
derived from petroleum based fossils fuels or contain a proportion of non fossil fuel; fuels produced from plants, crops such as
sugar beet, rape seed oil or re-processed vegetable oils or fuels
made from gasified biomass; fuels made from renewable biological sources and include ethanol, methanol, and biodiesel;
sources include, but are not limited to: corn, soybeans, flaxseed,
rapeseed, sugarcane, palm oil, raw sewage, food scraps, animal
parts, and rice.
Biogas: A combustible gas derived from decomposing biological
waste under anaerobic conditions. Biogas normally consists of
50 to 60 percent methane. See also landfill gas.
Biomass: Any organic matter that is available on a renewable or
recurring basis, including agricultural crops and trees, wood
and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants), grasses,
animal manure, municipal residues, and other residue materials. Biomass is generally produced in a sustainable manner from
water and carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. There are three
main categories of biomass - primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Benzine: An obsolete term for light petroleum distillates covering
the gasoline and naphtha range; see Ligroine.
Benzol: The general term which refers to commercial or technical
(not necessarily pure) benzene; also the term used for aromatic
naphtha.
Billion: 1 x 10
9
.
Biochemical conversion: The use of fermentation or anaerobic
digestion to produce fuels and chemicals from organic sources.
Biodiesel: A fuel derived from biological sources that can be used
in diesel engines instead of petroleum-derived diesel; through
the process of transesterification, the triglycérides in the biologically derived oils are separated from the glycerin, creating a
clean-burning, renewable fuel.
Bioenergy: Useful, renewable energy produced from organic
matter - the conversion of the complex carbohydrates in organic
matter to energy; organic matter may either be used directly as
a fuel, processed into liquids and gasses, or be a residual of
processing and conversion.
Bioethanol: Ethanol produced from biomass feedstocks; includes
ethanol produced from the fermentation of crops, such as corn,
as well as cellulosic ethanol produced from woody plants or
grasses.
Biofuels: A generic name for liquid or gaseous fuels that are not
derived from petroleum based fossils fuels or contain a proportion of non fossil fuel; fuels produced from plants, crops such as
sugar beet, rape seed oil or re-processed vegetable oils or fuels
made from gasified biomass; fuels made from renewable biological sources and include ethanol, methanol, and biodiesel;
sources include, but are not limited to: corn, soybeans, flaxseed,
rapeseed, sugarcane, palm oil, raw sewage, food scraps, animal
parts, and rice.
Biogas: A combustible gas derived from decomposing biological
waste under anaerobic conditions. Biogas normally consists of
50 to 60 percent methane. See also landfill gas.
Biomass: Any organic matter that is available on a renewable or
recurring basis, including agricultural crops and trees, wood
and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants), grasses,
animal manure, municipal residues, and other residue materials. Biomass is generally produced in a sustainable manner from
water and carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. There are three
main categories of biomass - primary, secondary, and tertiary.