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the complexes [Re(bpy)(CO) 3 L]n (n ¼ +1, L ¼ P(OEt) 3 , CH 3 CN; n ¼ 0, L ¼ ClÀ, OtfÀ;
bpy ¼ 2,2
0 -bipyridine; Otf À ¼ CF 3 SO 3 ) as catalyst precursors: infrared spectroelectrochemical investigation. Organometallics 15(15):3374–3387. doi:10.1021/om960044+
172. Hartl F, Rossenaar BD, Stor GJ, Stufkens DJ (1995) Role of an electron-transfer chain
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À (L 2 ¼chelating redoxactive π-donor ligand). Coord Chem Rev 251(3–4):557–576. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.09.003
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Chem 52(5):2484–2491. doi:10.1021/ic302391u
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(18):5002–5008. doi:10.1021/om500389y
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178. Fujita E, Creutz C, Sutin N, Brunschwig BS (1993) Carbon dioxide activation by cobalt
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solution. Inorg Chem 32(12):2657–2662. doi:10.1021/ic00064a015
179. Fujita E, Furenlid LR, Renner MW (1997) Direct XANES evidence for charge transfer in
Co À CO 2 complexes. J Am Chem Soc 119(19):4549–4550. doi:10.1021/ja970151a
180. Bhugun I, Lexa D, Save ´ant J-M (1994) Ultraefficient selective homogeneous catalysis of the
electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by an iron(0) porphyrin associated with a weak
broensted acid cocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 116(11):5015–5016. doi:10.1021/ja00090a068
181. Bhugun I, Lexa D, Save ´ant J-M (1996) Catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of carbon
dioxide by iron(0) porphyrins: synergystic effect of weak br€ onsted acids. J Am Chem Soc 118
(7):1769–1776. doi:10.1021/ja9534462
182. Bhugun I, Lexa D, Save ´ant J-M (1996) Catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of carbon
dioxide by iron(0) porphyrins. Synergistic effect of Lewis acid cations. J Phys Chem 100
(51):19981–19985. doi:10.1021/jp9618486
183. Costentin C, Drouet S, Robert M, Save ´ant J-M (2012) A local proton source enhances CO 2
electroreduction to CO by a molecular Fe catalyst. Science 338(6103):90–94. doi:10.1126/
science.1224581
184. Costentin C, Passard G, Robert M, Save ´ant J-M (2014) Pendant acid–base groups in molecular catalysts: H-bond promoters or proton relays? mechanisms of the conversion of CO 2 to
CO by electrogenerated iron(0)porphyrins bearing prepositioned phenol functionalities. J Am
Chem Soc 136(33):11821–11829. doi:10.1021/ja506193v
185. Costentin C, Passard G, Robert M, Save ´ant J-M (2014) Ultraefficient homogeneous catalyst
for the CO 2 -to-CO electrochemical conversion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111
(42):14990–14994. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416697111
272
L. Gan et al.
44(1):48–55. doi:10.1134/s001670290601006x
169. Brimm EO, Lynch MA, Sesny WJ (1954) Preparation and properties of manganese carbonyl.
J Am Chem Soc 76(14):3831–3835. doi:10.1021/ja01643a071
170. Abel EW, Wilkinson G (1959) Carbonyl halides of manganese and some related compounds.
J Chem Soc 1501–1505. doi:10.1039/jr9590001501
171. Johnson FPA, George MW, Hartl F, Turner JJ (1996) Electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 using
the complexes [Re(bpy)(CO) 3 L]n (n ¼ +1, L ¼ P(OEt) 3 , CH 3 CN; n ¼ 0, L ¼ ClÀ, OtfÀ;
bpy ¼ 2,2
0 -bipyridine; Otf À ¼ CF 3 SO 3 ) as catalyst precursors: infrared spectroelectrochemical investigation. Organometallics 15(15):3374–3387. doi:10.1021/om960044+
172. Hartl F, Rossenaar BD, Stor GJ, Stufkens DJ (1995) Role of an electron-transfer chain
reaction in the unusual photochemical formation of five-coordinated anions [Mn(CO) 3 (α-diimine)]- from Fac-[Mn(X)(CO) 3 (α-diimine)] (X¼halide) at Low temperatures. Recl
Trav Chim Pays Bas 114(11–12):565–570. doi:10.1002/recl.19951141123
173. Hartl F, Rosa P, Ricard L, Le Floch P, Za ´lis ˇ S (2007) Electronic transitions and bonding properties
in a series of five-coordinate “16-electron” complexes [Mn(CO) 3 (L 2 )]
À (L 2 ¼chelating redoxactive π-donor ligand). Coord Chem Rev 251(3–4):557–576. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.09.003
174. Bourrez M, Molton F, Chardon-Noblat S, Deronzier A (2011) [Mn(bipyridyl)(CO) 3 Br]: an
abundant metal carbonyl complex as efficient electrocatalyst for CO 2 reduction. Angew
Chem Int Ed 50(42):9903–9906. doi:10.1002/anie.201103616
175. Smieja JM, Sampson MD, Grice KA, Benson EE, Froehlich JD, Kubiak CP (2013) Manganese as a substitute for rhenium in CO 2 reduction catalysts: the importance of acids. Inorg
Chem 52(5):2484–2491. doi:10.1021/ic302391u
176. Zeng Q, Tory J, Hartl F (2014) Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide with a manganese
(I) tricarbonyl complex containing a nonaromatic α-diimine ligand. Organometallics 33
(18):5002–5008. doi:10.1021/om500389y
177. Fujita E, Creutz C, Sutin N, Szalda DJ (1991) Carbon dioxide activation by cobalt
(I) macrocycles: factors affecting carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide binding. J Am
Chem Soc 113(1):343–353. doi:10.1021/ja00001a048
178. Fujita E, Creutz C, Sutin N, Brunschwig BS (1993) Carbon dioxide activation by cobalt
macrocycles: evidence of hydrogen bonding between bound CO 2 and the macrocycle in
solution. Inorg Chem 32(12):2657–2662. doi:10.1021/ic00064a015
179. Fujita E, Furenlid LR, Renner MW (1997) Direct XANES evidence for charge transfer in
Co À CO 2 complexes. J Am Chem Soc 119(19):4549–4550. doi:10.1021/ja970151a
180. Bhugun I, Lexa D, Save ´ant J-M (1994) Ultraefficient selective homogeneous catalysis of the
electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by an iron(0) porphyrin associated with a weak
broensted acid cocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 116(11):5015–5016. doi:10.1021/ja00090a068
181. Bhugun I, Lexa D, Save ´ant J-M (1996) Catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of carbon
dioxide by iron(0) porphyrins: synergystic effect of weak br€ onsted acids. J Am Chem Soc 118
(7):1769–1776. doi:10.1021/ja9534462
182. Bhugun I, Lexa D, Save ´ant J-M (1996) Catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of carbon
dioxide by iron(0) porphyrins. Synergistic effect of Lewis acid cations. J Phys Chem 100
(51):19981–19985. doi:10.1021/jp9618486
183. Costentin C, Drouet S, Robert M, Save ´ant J-M (2012) A local proton source enhances CO 2
electroreduction to CO by a molecular Fe catalyst. Science 338(6103):90–94. doi:10.1126/
science.1224581
184. Costentin C, Passard G, Robert M, Save ´ant J-M (2014) Pendant acid–base groups in molecular catalysts: H-bond promoters or proton relays? mechanisms of the conversion of CO 2 to
CO by electrogenerated iron(0)porphyrins bearing prepositioned phenol functionalities. J Am
Chem Soc 136(33):11821–11829. doi:10.1021/ja506193v
185. Costentin C, Passard G, Robert M, Save ´ant J-M (2014) Ultraefficient homogeneous catalyst
for the CO 2 -to-CO electrochemical conversion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111
(42):14990–14994. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416697111
272
L. Gan et al.