XII
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
5.2.1.2
5.2.1.3
5.2.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.4
5.5
5.6
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
Contents
Concepts of Scale
Time Scales and Physical Scales in Sedimentation .................. .
The Grouping of Architectural Units in Clastic Rocks
According to Depositional Time Scale ............................ .
Definition of Sediment Groups by Bounding Surfaces ............... .
Sedimentation Rate and Its Relation to Depositional Recurrence Interval
Application of Scale Concepts to Basin Analysis and Petroleum Geology
Methods of Architectural-Element Analysis ....................... .
Introduction .................................................. .
Construction of Outcrop Profiles ................................. .
Classification of Lithofacies ..................................... .
Principles of Paleocurrent Analysis ............................... .
Classification of Bounding Surfaces ....... , .............. . ....... .
Classification of Architectural Elements ........................... .
Classification of Channels and Larger Bodies ...................... .
Annotation of Outcrop Profiles .................................. .
Summary of Methods ........................................... .
Lithofacies ..................... , ......... . .................... .
Introduction .................................................. .
Gravel Facies .................................................. .
Depositional Processes in Gravel-Bed Rivers ....................... .
Introduction .................................................. .
Traction Currents, Fluid Flows ............................ , ...... .
Sediment Gravity Flows ......................................... .
Gravel Lithofacies .............................................. .
Sand Facies ............................................. , , .. . . .
Sand Bedform Genesis and Classification .......................... .
Sand Lithofacies ....... , ......... .............................. .
Fine-Grained Clastic Facies ...................................... .
Nonelastic Facies .............................................. .
Associated Facies .............................................. .
Architectural Elements Formed Within Channels .................. .
Introduction .................................................. .
Channels (Element CH) ......................................... .
Gravel Bars and Bedforms (Element GB) .......................... .
Sediment-Gravity-Flow Deposits (Element SG) ..................... .
Sandy Bedforms (Element SB) .................................. ..
Downstream-Accretion Macroforms (Elemep.t DA) ................. .
Lateral-Accretion Deposits (Element LA) .......................... .
Laminated Sand Sheets (Element LS) ............................. .
Hollows (Element HO) .......................................... .
Architectural Elements of the Overbank Environment .............. .
Introduction .................................................. .
Levee and Crevasse Deposits ............................. · ........ .
Levee Deposits (Element LV) .................................... .
Crevasse-Channel Deposits (Element CR) ......................... .
57
57
60
69
71
74
75
75
75
77
78
81
89
94
95
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
10 5
!0 6
109
109
!!2
123
127
130
!3!
131
131
139
145
146
151
!5 5
16 3
16 3
169
169
17 2
17 2
173