GlpG
evolutionary conservation of lipid binding sites, 30
Glucolipids
chemical structure, 3
Glucose-based non-ionic APols (NAPols), 167–169
assembly, 196
biotinylated derivative (BNAPol), 198, 606
chemical structure, 166, 168
particles, 196
SEC analysis, 196
solubility, 196
SV-AUC analysis, 196
synthesis, 168
use in MALDI-TOF studies, 633
Glucose-neopentyl glycol (GNG) detergents, 83
Glucose transporter Glut1
destabilization by detergents, 76
GLUT4, see Insulin-responsive facilitative glucose
transporter
Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), 39, 40
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GlpD)
extraction by designer peptide surfactants, 122
stabilization by designer peptide surfactants, 122
Glycerophospholipids, 6
Glycine receptor, 39
Glycocholate, 62
Glycophorin A, 296
TM structure, 16
Glycophorin A TM α-helix
trapping in A5-35, 160
Gohon, Y., 394, 415, 416
Gold-standard approach
for estimating the resolution of EM
reconstructions, 537
Golgi apparatus, 6, 12
Goormaghtigh, E., 394
Gordeliy, V., 310, 517
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, 85
activation of protein kinase A, 85
agonists, 85, 86
APol-assisted folding, 340, 343–345
basal activity, 85
cell-free expression in NVoy, 289, 367
class A, 85
conformational thermostabilization, 84, 86
constitutive activity, 86
coupling to arrestin, 85
efficacy, 85
extraction by SMA, 289
full agonists, 85
function, 11
function after trapping with APols, 287
interaction with G proteins, 85
internalization via clathrin-coated pits, 85
inverse agonists, 85, 86
ligand efficacy, 85
modulation of cyclic AMP concentration, 85
neutral agonists, 86
neutral antagonists, 85
partial agonists, 85, 86
phosphorylation by GPCR kinase, 85
regulation of adenylate cyclase, 85
regulation of L-type Ca
2+ channel, 85
signal transduction (overview), 85
stability in NVoy, 294
stabilization by APols, 292
structure and function (overview), 84
G proteins, 86, 287, 289
GPCRs, see G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
Gram, H.G., 4
Gram-negative bacteria, 4
Guinier approximation, 429
Guinier plot, 429, 431
Gulliver effect, 301, 302, 304, 305
H
Halobacterium salinarum, 261, 411
HAPol, see A8-35 (plain)
Hecameg (HG), 73
Helenius, A., 66
Hemagglutinin, 12
Hemifluorinated surfactants (HFSs), 129
chemical structures, 129
Hemolysin, αTM structure, 18
Henderson, P.J.F., 636
Henderson, R., 13, 535
Henning, U., 334
hENT1, see Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1
H 2 F 6 -DiGlu, 130
H 3 F 6 H 3 DigluM
chemical structure, 129
HF-TAC, 130
chemical structure, 129
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), 105
models of nascent HDL particles, 106
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (HIV-1 spike)
trapped with saposin A, 125, 126
HIV TM peptide
ND-trapped, 116
HMPAS, see Hydrophically modified poly(acrylic acid)
synthesis (HMPAS)
Holotranslocon
SP cryo-EM reconstruction in A8-35, 569
Holotranslocon/A8-35 complexes
MS analysis of bound lipids, 639
HPLC, see High-pressure liquid chromatography
Hydrodynamic radius (R H ), 412
Hydrogen bond
strength in water vs. the inside of lipid bilayers, 8
Hydrophilic groups, 2
Hydrophobically grafted poly-γ-glutamic acid (APG)
chemical structure, 164
Hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) synthesis
(HMPAS), 201
696
Index
evolutionary conservation of lipid binding sites, 30
Glucolipids
chemical structure, 3
Glucose-based non-ionic APols (NAPols), 167–169
assembly, 196
biotinylated derivative (BNAPol), 198, 606
chemical structure, 166, 168
particles, 196
SEC analysis, 196
solubility, 196
SV-AUC analysis, 196
synthesis, 168
use in MALDI-TOF studies, 633
Glucose-neopentyl glycol (GNG) detergents, 83
Glucose transporter Glut1
destabilization by detergents, 76
GLUT4, see Insulin-responsive facilitative glucose
transporter
Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), 39, 40
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GlpD)
extraction by designer peptide surfactants, 122
stabilization by designer peptide surfactants, 122
Glycerophospholipids, 6
Glycine receptor, 39
Glycocholate, 62
Glycophorin A, 296
TM structure, 16
Glycophorin A TM α-helix
trapping in A5-35, 160
Gohon, Y., 394, 415, 416
Gold-standard approach
for estimating the resolution of EM
reconstructions, 537
Golgi apparatus, 6, 12
Goormaghtigh, E., 394
Gordeliy, V., 310, 517
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, 85
activation of protein kinase A, 85
agonists, 85, 86
APol-assisted folding, 340, 343–345
basal activity, 85
cell-free expression in NVoy, 289, 367
class A, 85
conformational thermostabilization, 84, 86
constitutive activity, 86
coupling to arrestin, 85
efficacy, 85
extraction by SMA, 289
full agonists, 85
function, 11
function after trapping with APols, 287
interaction with G proteins, 85
internalization via clathrin-coated pits, 85
inverse agonists, 85, 86
ligand efficacy, 85
modulation of cyclic AMP concentration, 85
neutral agonists, 86
neutral antagonists, 85
partial agonists, 85, 86
phosphorylation by GPCR kinase, 85
regulation of adenylate cyclase, 85
regulation of L-type Ca
2+ channel, 85
signal transduction (overview), 85
stability in NVoy, 294
stabilization by APols, 292
structure and function (overview), 84
G proteins, 86, 287, 289
GPCRs, see G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
Gram, H.G., 4
Gram-negative bacteria, 4
Guinier approximation, 429
Guinier plot, 429, 431
Gulliver effect, 301, 302, 304, 305
H
Halobacterium salinarum, 261, 411
HAPol, see A8-35 (plain)
Hecameg (HG), 73
Helenius, A., 66
Hemagglutinin, 12
Hemifluorinated surfactants (HFSs), 129
chemical structures, 129
Hemolysin, αTM structure, 18
Henderson, P.J.F., 636
Henderson, R., 13, 535
Henning, U., 334
hENT1, see Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1
H 2 F 6 -DiGlu, 130
H 3 F 6 H 3 DigluM
chemical structure, 129
HF-TAC, 130
chemical structure, 129
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), 105
models of nascent HDL particles, 106
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (HIV-1 spike)
trapped with saposin A, 125, 126
HIV TM peptide
ND-trapped, 116
HMPAS, see Hydrophically modified poly(acrylic acid)
synthesis (HMPAS)
Holotranslocon
SP cryo-EM reconstruction in A8-35, 569
Holotranslocon/A8-35 complexes
MS analysis of bound lipids, 639
HPLC, see High-pressure liquid chromatography
Hydrodynamic radius (R H ), 412
Hydrogen bond
strength in water vs. the inside of lipid bilayers, 8
Hydrophilic groups, 2
Hydrophobically grafted poly-γ-glutamic acid (APG)
chemical structure, 164
Hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) synthesis
(HMPAS), 201
696
Index