crystallization attempts in aqueous solution, 509–516
effect of ionic strength on solution behavior, 513
effect of PEG on solution behavior, 513
SAXS and SANS studies, 436
SAXS studies of salt and PEG effects, 438
SEC analysis in the presence or absence of free A8-35,
417, 418
size and dispersity, 512
solution properties, 510
Cytochrome bc 1 complex, 22, 509
activity following complexation by A8-35, 289
APol binding, 274, 510
association with cytochrome c oxidase not maintained
in SMALPs, 260
behavior upon removal of free APol, 256
crystal packing of bc 1 /DDM complexes, 511
crystallization in detergent solution, 509
crystallization of ternary bc 1 /A8-35/detergent
complexes, 510, 515
evolutionary conservation of lipid binding sites, 30
immobilization using BAPol, 595
MALDI-TOF studies of bc 1 /APol complexes, 633–635
as part of the respirasome, 562
SEC behavior of bc 1 /A8-35 vs. bc 1 /DDM
complexes, 512
stabilization by A8-35, 294, 512
as a target for αRep selection using BAPol, 605
as a target for αRep selection using BNAPol, 605
3D structure, 511
TM structure, 17
Cytochrome b 6 f/A3-70 complexes
migration in sucrose gradients in the presence of either
LiCl or CsCl, 415, 416
Cytochrome b 6 f/A8-75 complexes
SGSV analysis, 413
Cytochrome b 6 f complex, 78
APol binding, 274
crystallization, 76
function, 72, 73
immobilization using BAPol, 595
inactivation and monomerization by detergents,
72–75, 79
lipid-stabilized association of the Rieske protein, 78
MALDI-TOF studies of b 6 f/APol complexes, 633, 634
stability in various APols, 295
stabilization at low concentrations of detergents, 73
stabilization by fluorinated surfactants, 130
stabilization by lipids, 75
STEM analysis of b 6 f/APol complexes, 549
structure, 72
trapping in A5-35, 160
Cytochrome c oxidase, 22
activity in SMALPs, 290
bacterial
TM structure, 16
detergent substituting to a lipid, 31
evolutionary conservation of lipid-binding sites, 30, 31
as part of the respirasome, 562
specifically bound PC, 27
structural role of lipids, 29
supercomplex disruption by SMA, 260
Cytochrome f, 73
Cytochrome P450, 261
Cytochrome P450/cytochrome b 5 complex
trapped in peptide-based NDs, 127
Cytoplasm, 2, 4
Cytosol, 4
CzcD, 277
D
Dafforn, T.R., 260
DAGK, see Diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK)
Dahmane, T., 356
Damping of MP dynamics by APols, 296
consequences on activity and stability, 304
DAPol (partially deuterated A8-35), see A8-35
derivatives, DAPol
DARPins, 500, 605
DCU, see Dicyclohexylurea (DCU)
Decyl-N,N
0 -dimethyl amine oxide
in MP/detergent crystals, 68
DEER, see Double-electron-electron resonance (DEER)
Degenerative transfer (DT), 220
Deisenhofer, J., 13
de la Maza, L.M., 664
Delivery of a hydrophobic peptide from A8-35 to cells
in culture, 672–674
Delivery of MPs from APols to black lipid films, 309
Denisov, I.G., 105
Deoxycholate, 62
delipidation of purple membrane, 67
micelle structure, 65
Designer peptide surfactants, 119, 121–123, 134
self-assembly, 122
Destabilization of MPs by detergents, 70–72, 76
dissociating character of detergents, 76–79
doing away with detergents, 87–88
making detergents less aggressive, 81–83
making MPs more resistant, 84–87
proposed mechanisms, 71, 76
solutions to the instability problem, 81–88
Detergency, 60, 133
Detergent belt, 504
Detergent-induced denaturation, 302
Detergents, 60–65
chemical structure, 60–62
critical micellar concentration (CMC), 62, 63
definition, 60–62
formation of micelles, 62
formation of mixed micelles, 67
formation of TM pores, 67
micelle shape and dynamics, 64
MP delipidation, 68
MP/detergent complexes, 68
natural, 62
partitioning into membranes, 66
phase diagrams, 504
physical-chemical properties, 62
Index
693
effect of ionic strength on solution behavior, 513
effect of PEG on solution behavior, 513
SAXS and SANS studies, 436
SAXS studies of salt and PEG effects, 438
SEC analysis in the presence or absence of free A8-35,
417, 418
size and dispersity, 512
solution properties, 510
Cytochrome bc 1 complex, 22, 509
activity following complexation by A8-35, 289
APol binding, 274, 510
association with cytochrome c oxidase not maintained
in SMALPs, 260
behavior upon removal of free APol, 256
crystal packing of bc 1 /DDM complexes, 511
crystallization in detergent solution, 509
crystallization of ternary bc 1 /A8-35/detergent
complexes, 510, 515
evolutionary conservation of lipid binding sites, 30
immobilization using BAPol, 595
MALDI-TOF studies of bc 1 /APol complexes, 633–635
as part of the respirasome, 562
SEC behavior of bc 1 /A8-35 vs. bc 1 /DDM
complexes, 512
stabilization by A8-35, 294, 512
as a target for αRep selection using BAPol, 605
as a target for αRep selection using BNAPol, 605
3D structure, 511
TM structure, 17
Cytochrome b 6 f/A3-70 complexes
migration in sucrose gradients in the presence of either
LiCl or CsCl, 415, 416
Cytochrome b 6 f/A8-75 complexes
SGSV analysis, 413
Cytochrome b 6 f complex, 78
APol binding, 274
crystallization, 76
function, 72, 73
immobilization using BAPol, 595
inactivation and monomerization by detergents,
72–75, 79
lipid-stabilized association of the Rieske protein, 78
MALDI-TOF studies of b 6 f/APol complexes, 633, 634
stability in various APols, 295
stabilization at low concentrations of detergents, 73
stabilization by fluorinated surfactants, 130
stabilization by lipids, 75
STEM analysis of b 6 f/APol complexes, 549
structure, 72
trapping in A5-35, 160
Cytochrome c oxidase, 22
activity in SMALPs, 290
bacterial
TM structure, 16
detergent substituting to a lipid, 31
evolutionary conservation of lipid-binding sites, 30, 31
as part of the respirasome, 562
specifically bound PC, 27
structural role of lipids, 29
supercomplex disruption by SMA, 260
Cytochrome f, 73
Cytochrome P450, 261
Cytochrome P450/cytochrome b 5 complex
trapped in peptide-based NDs, 127
Cytoplasm, 2, 4
Cytosol, 4
CzcD, 277
D
Dafforn, T.R., 260
DAGK, see Diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK)
Dahmane, T., 356
Damping of MP dynamics by APols, 296
consequences on activity and stability, 304
DAPol (partially deuterated A8-35), see A8-35
derivatives, DAPol
DARPins, 500, 605
DCU, see Dicyclohexylurea (DCU)
Decyl-N,N
0 -dimethyl amine oxide
in MP/detergent crystals, 68
DEER, see Double-electron-electron resonance (DEER)
Degenerative transfer (DT), 220
Deisenhofer, J., 13
de la Maza, L.M., 664
Delivery of a hydrophobic peptide from A8-35 to cells
in culture, 672–674
Delivery of MPs from APols to black lipid films, 309
Denisov, I.G., 105
Deoxycholate, 62
delipidation of purple membrane, 67
micelle structure, 65
Designer peptide surfactants, 119, 121–123, 134
self-assembly, 122
Destabilization of MPs by detergents, 70–72, 76
dissociating character of detergents, 76–79
doing away with detergents, 87–88
making detergents less aggressive, 81–83
making MPs more resistant, 84–87
proposed mechanisms, 71, 76
solutions to the instability problem, 81–88
Detergency, 60, 133
Detergent belt, 504
Detergent-induced denaturation, 302
Detergents, 60–65
chemical structure, 60–62
critical micellar concentration (CMC), 62, 63
definition, 60–62
formation of micelles, 62
formation of mixed micelles, 67
formation of TM pores, 67
micelle shape and dynamics, 64
MP delipidation, 68
MP/detergent complexes, 68
natural, 62
partitioning into membranes, 66
phase diagrams, 504
physical-chemical properties, 62
Index
693