and tissue engineering. At present, several methods are available for the preparation
of polymeric nanoparticles suitable for encapsulation of biologically active
molecules. It is now possible to select the best method of preparation using an
appropriate polymer to achieve efficient entrapment of the drug, depending on the
physicochemical characteristics of drug. The selected method should reduce loss of
the drug or its pharmacological activity. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have
advantages over conventional drug delivery systems because they can increase the
bioavailability, solubility, and permeability of many potent drugs. These
advantages include reduced dose, reduced frequency of application, better therapeutic control, and less side effects.
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New
Delhi, India, for providing research facilities and financial support to Dr. S.K. Pandey as UGCKothari postdoctoral fellow (No.F.4-2/2006(BSR)/13-449/2011) in the Department of Zoology,
Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The authors also acknowledge the
receipt of research funding from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi, Ministry of
Science and Technology, Government of India (Project No. BT/PR-6929/BCE/08/433/2005).
References
1. Katti DS, Lakshmi S, Langer R et al (2002) Toxicity, biodegradation and elimination of
polyanhydrides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:933–961
2. Jalil R, Nixon JR (1990) Biodegradable poly (lactic acid) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide)
microcapsules: problems associated with preparative techniques and release properties.
J Microencapsul 7:297–325
3. Tice TR, Tabibi ES (1991) Parenteral drug delivery: injectables. In: Kydonieus A (ed)
Treatise on controlled drug delivery: fundamentals optimization, applications. Dekker,
New York, pp 315–339
4. Wu XS (1995) Preparation, characterization, and drug delivery applications of microspheres
based on biodegradable lactic/glycolic acid polymers. In: Wise DL et al (eds) Encyclopedic
handbook of biomaterials and bioengineering. Dekker, New York, pp 1151–1200
5. Li S (1999) Hydrolytic degradation characteristics of aliphatic polyesters derived from lactic
and glycolic acids. J Biomed Mater Res 48:342–353
6. Orive G, Hernandez RM, Rodriguez Gascon A et al (2003) Drug delivery in biotechnology:
present and future. Curr Opin Biotechnol 14:659–664
7. Langer R (1990) New methods of drug delivery. Science 249:1527–1533
8. Kayser O, Lemke A, Hernandez-Trejo N (2005) The impact of nanobiotechnology on the
development of new drug delivery systems. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 6:3–5
9. Williams D (2004) Nanotechnology: a new look. Med Device Technol 15:9–10
10. Cheng MMC, Cuda G, Bunimovich YL et al (2006) Nanotechnologies for biomolecular
detection and medical diagnostics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:11–19
11. Shaffer C (2005) Nanomedicine transforms drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 10:1581–1582
12. Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC (2005) Nanomedicine: current status and future
prospects. FASEB J 19:311–330
13. Jain KK (2003) Nanodiagnostics: application of nanotechnology in molecular diagnostics.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 3:153–161
14. Kubik T, Bogunia-Kubik K, Sugisaka M (2005) Nanotechnology on duty in medical
applications. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 6:17–33
194
S.K. Pandey et al.
of polymeric nanoparticles suitable for encapsulation of biologically active
molecules. It is now possible to select the best method of preparation using an
appropriate polymer to achieve efficient entrapment of the drug, depending on the
physicochemical characteristics of drug. The selected method should reduce loss of
the drug or its pharmacological activity. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have
advantages over conventional drug delivery systems because they can increase the
bioavailability, solubility, and permeability of many potent drugs. These
advantages include reduced dose, reduced frequency of application, better therapeutic control, and less side effects.
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New
Delhi, India, for providing research facilities and financial support to Dr. S.K. Pandey as UGCKothari postdoctoral fellow (No.F.4-2/2006(BSR)/13-449/2011) in the Department of Zoology,
Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The authors also acknowledge the
receipt of research funding from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi, Ministry of
Science and Technology, Government of India (Project No. BT/PR-6929/BCE/08/433/2005).
References
1. Katti DS, Lakshmi S, Langer R et al (2002) Toxicity, biodegradation and elimination of
polyanhydrides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:933–961
2. Jalil R, Nixon JR (1990) Biodegradable poly (lactic acid) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide)
microcapsules: problems associated with preparative techniques and release properties.
J Microencapsul 7:297–325
3. Tice TR, Tabibi ES (1991) Parenteral drug delivery: injectables. In: Kydonieus A (ed)
Treatise on controlled drug delivery: fundamentals optimization, applications. Dekker,
New York, pp 315–339
4. Wu XS (1995) Preparation, characterization, and drug delivery applications of microspheres
based on biodegradable lactic/glycolic acid polymers. In: Wise DL et al (eds) Encyclopedic
handbook of biomaterials and bioengineering. Dekker, New York, pp 1151–1200
5. Li S (1999) Hydrolytic degradation characteristics of aliphatic polyesters derived from lactic
and glycolic acids. J Biomed Mater Res 48:342–353
6. Orive G, Hernandez RM, Rodriguez Gascon A et al (2003) Drug delivery in biotechnology:
present and future. Curr Opin Biotechnol 14:659–664
7. Langer R (1990) New methods of drug delivery. Science 249:1527–1533
8. Kayser O, Lemke A, Hernandez-Trejo N (2005) The impact of nanobiotechnology on the
development of new drug delivery systems. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 6:3–5
9. Williams D (2004) Nanotechnology: a new look. Med Device Technol 15:9–10
10. Cheng MMC, Cuda G, Bunimovich YL et al (2006) Nanotechnologies for biomolecular
detection and medical diagnostics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:11–19
11. Shaffer C (2005) Nanomedicine transforms drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 10:1581–1582
12. Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC (2005) Nanomedicine: current status and future
prospects. FASEB J 19:311–330
13. Jain KK (2003) Nanodiagnostics: application of nanotechnology in molecular diagnostics.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 3:153–161
14. Kubik T, Bogunia-Kubik K, Sugisaka M (2005) Nanotechnology on duty in medical
applications. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 6:17–33
194
S.K. Pandey et al.