21. Chadwick J, Severn J (2006) Single-site catalyst immobilization using magnesium chloride
supports. Kinet Catal 47:186–191
22. Varkey SP, Lobo RF, Theopold KH (2003) Zeolite MCM-22 supported heterogeneous
chromium catalyst for ethylene polymerization. Catal Lett 88:227–229
23. Xalter R, Halbach TS, Mu ¨lhaupt R (2006) New polyolefin nanocomposites and catalyst
supports based on organophilic boehmites. Macromol Symp 236:145–150
24. Jang Y-J, Nenov N, Klapper M, Mu ¨llen K (2003) Organic nanoparticles with polypropyleneoxide chains as support for metallocene catalysts: ethylene homopolymerization and
ethylene/α-olefin copolymerization. Polym Bull 50:343–350
25. Klapper M, Jang Y-J, Bieber K, Nemnich T, Nenov N, Mu ¨llen K (2004) New organic
supports for metallocene catalysts applied in olefin polymerizations. Macromol Symp
213:131–146
26. Stork M, Koch M, Klapper M, Mu ¨llen K, Gregorius H, Rief U (1999) Ethylene polymerization using crosslinked polystyrene as support for zirconocene dichloride/methylaluminoxane.
Macromol Rapid Commun 20:210–213
27. Nenov N, Koch M, Klapper M, Mu ¨llen K (2002) PEO-functionalized polystyrene as polymeric support in metallocene catalysed olefin polymerisation. Polym Bull 47:391–398
28. Mu ¨lhaupt R (2003) Catalytic polymerization and post polymerization catalysis fifty years
after the discovery of Ziegler’s catalysts. Macromol Chem Phys 204:289–327
29. Monteil V, Stumbaum J, Thomann R, Mecking S (2006) Silica/polyethylene nanocomposite
particles from catalytic emulsion polymerization. Macromolecules 39:2056–2062
30. Orsino JA, Herman DF, Brancato JJ (1964) Patent US 3,121,698
31. Howard EG, Lipscomb RD, MacDonald RN, Glazar BL, Tullock CW, Collette JW (1981)
Homogeneous composites of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and minerals. 1.
Synthesis. Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 20:429–433
32. Howard EG, Glazar BL, Collette JW (1981) Homogeneous composites of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and minerals. 2. Properties. Ind Eng Chem Product Res Dev
20:421–428
33. Howard EG Jr, (1975) Filled polyolefin compositions. Patent DE 245,911,8A1
34. Howard EG Jr (1978) Ethylene polymer/acrylonitrile polymer composites. Patent US
4,126,647A
35. Howard EG Jr (1983) Polymerization catalyst for 1-alkenes. Patent US 4,411,821A
36. Howard EG Jr (1992) Preparation of catalytically active fillers for polyolefin composites.
Patent US 5,143,549A
37. Howard EG Jr (1993) Homogeneous, high-modulus, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene composites and their preparation. Patent WO 9303072A1
38. Howard EG Jr, Mahler W (1981) Large pore alumina-supported transition metal alkyl. Patent
US 4,304,685A
39. Howard EG Jr, Sarafidis C (1980) Polymerization of propylene with a catalyst prepared in
situ. Patent US 4,228,263A
40. Hindryckx F, Dubois P, Jerome R, Teyssie P, Marti MG (1997) Polymerization-filled
composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. II. Properties of
homogeneous polyethylene-based composites. J Appl Polym Sci 64:439–454
41. Hindryckx F, Dubois P, Jerome R, Teyssie P, Marti MG (1997) Polymerization-filled
composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. I. Synthesis of
homogeneous polyethylene-based composites. J Appl Polym Sci 64:423–438
42. Brintzinger HH, Fischer D, Mu ¨lhaupt R, Rieger B, Waymouth RM (1995) Stereospecific
olefin polymerization with chiral metallocene catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:1143–1170
43. Kaminsky W (1996) New polymers by metallocene catalysis. Macromol Chem Phys
197:3907–3945
44. Pluta M, Alexandre M, Blacher S, Dubois P, Jerome R (2001) Metallocene-catalyzed
polymerization of ethylene in the presence of graphite. II. Structure and electrical properties
of the composites. Polymer 42:9293–9300
Polyolefin Nanocomposites and Hybrid Catalysts
301
supports. Kinet Catal 47:186–191
22. Varkey SP, Lobo RF, Theopold KH (2003) Zeolite MCM-22 supported heterogeneous
chromium catalyst for ethylene polymerization. Catal Lett 88:227–229
23. Xalter R, Halbach TS, Mu ¨lhaupt R (2006) New polyolefin nanocomposites and catalyst
supports based on organophilic boehmites. Macromol Symp 236:145–150
24. Jang Y-J, Nenov N, Klapper M, Mu ¨llen K (2003) Organic nanoparticles with polypropyleneoxide chains as support for metallocene catalysts: ethylene homopolymerization and
ethylene/α-olefin copolymerization. Polym Bull 50:343–350
25. Klapper M, Jang Y-J, Bieber K, Nemnich T, Nenov N, Mu ¨llen K (2004) New organic
supports for metallocene catalysts applied in olefin polymerizations. Macromol Symp
213:131–146
26. Stork M, Koch M, Klapper M, Mu ¨llen K, Gregorius H, Rief U (1999) Ethylene polymerization using crosslinked polystyrene as support for zirconocene dichloride/methylaluminoxane.
Macromol Rapid Commun 20:210–213
27. Nenov N, Koch M, Klapper M, Mu ¨llen K (2002) PEO-functionalized polystyrene as polymeric support in metallocene catalysed olefin polymerisation. Polym Bull 47:391–398
28. Mu ¨lhaupt R (2003) Catalytic polymerization and post polymerization catalysis fifty years
after the discovery of Ziegler’s catalysts. Macromol Chem Phys 204:289–327
29. Monteil V, Stumbaum J, Thomann R, Mecking S (2006) Silica/polyethylene nanocomposite
particles from catalytic emulsion polymerization. Macromolecules 39:2056–2062
30. Orsino JA, Herman DF, Brancato JJ (1964) Patent US 3,121,698
31. Howard EG, Lipscomb RD, MacDonald RN, Glazar BL, Tullock CW, Collette JW (1981)
Homogeneous composites of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and minerals. 1.
Synthesis. Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 20:429–433
32. Howard EG, Glazar BL, Collette JW (1981) Homogeneous composites of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and minerals. 2. Properties. Ind Eng Chem Product Res Dev
20:421–428
33. Howard EG Jr, (1975) Filled polyolefin compositions. Patent DE 245,911,8A1
34. Howard EG Jr (1978) Ethylene polymer/acrylonitrile polymer composites. Patent US
4,126,647A
35. Howard EG Jr (1983) Polymerization catalyst for 1-alkenes. Patent US 4,411,821A
36. Howard EG Jr (1992) Preparation of catalytically active fillers for polyolefin composites.
Patent US 5,143,549A
37. Howard EG Jr (1993) Homogeneous, high-modulus, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene composites and their preparation. Patent WO 9303072A1
38. Howard EG Jr, Mahler W (1981) Large pore alumina-supported transition metal alkyl. Patent
US 4,304,685A
39. Howard EG Jr, Sarafidis C (1980) Polymerization of propylene with a catalyst prepared in
situ. Patent US 4,228,263A
40. Hindryckx F, Dubois P, Jerome R, Teyssie P, Marti MG (1997) Polymerization-filled
composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. II. Properties of
homogeneous polyethylene-based composites. J Appl Polym Sci 64:439–454
41. Hindryckx F, Dubois P, Jerome R, Teyssie P, Marti MG (1997) Polymerization-filled
composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. I. Synthesis of
homogeneous polyethylene-based composites. J Appl Polym Sci 64:423–438
42. Brintzinger HH, Fischer D, Mu ¨lhaupt R, Rieger B, Waymouth RM (1995) Stereospecific
olefin polymerization with chiral metallocene catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:1143–1170
43. Kaminsky W (1996) New polymers by metallocene catalysis. Macromol Chem Phys
197:3907–3945
44. Pluta M, Alexandre M, Blacher S, Dubois P, Jerome R (2001) Metallocene-catalyzed
polymerization of ethylene in the presence of graphite. II. Structure and electrical properties
of the composites. Polymer 42:9293–9300
Polyolefin Nanocomposites and Hybrid Catalysts
301