45. Alexandre M, Martin E, Dubois P, Garcia-Marti M, Jerome R (2000) Use of metallocenes in
the polymerization-filling technique with production of polyolefin-based composites.
Macromol Rapid Commun 21:931–936
46. Dubois P, Alexandre M, Je ´ro ˆme R (2003) Polymerization-filled composites and
nanocomposites by coordination catalysis. Macromol Symp 194:13–26
47. Kaminsky W, Zielonka H (1993) Polymerization of olefins in the presence of metal powders
with homogeneous catalysts. Polym Adv Technol 4:415–422
48. Schoeppel W, Reichert KH (1982) Polymerization of ethene by Ziegler catalysts in the
presence of fillers. Makromol. Chem Rapid Commun 3:483–488
49. Kaminsky W, Dutschke J, Maedler H, Miri M, Schlobohm M (1984) Process for the
preparation of filled polyolefins. Patent DE3240382
50. Scharlach K, Kaminsky W (2007) PE/CaCO 3 -nanocomposites synthesized by in-situ polymerization. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 8:987–990
51. Guo N, DiBenedetto SA, Kwon D-K, Wang L, Russell MT, Lanagan MT, Facchetti A, Marks
TJ (2007) Supported metallocene catalysis for in situ synthesis of high energy density metal
oxide nanocomposites. J Am Chem Soc 129:766–767
52. Rastogi S, Lippits DR, Peters GWM, Graf R, Yao Y, Spiess HW (2005) Heterogeneity in
polymer melts from melting of polymer crystals. Nat Mater 4:635–641
53. Ronca S, Forte G, Tjaden H, Yao Y, Rastogi S (2012) Tailoring molecular structure via
nanoparticles for solvent-free processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
composites. Polymer 53:2897–2907
54. Giannelis EP (1996) Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Adv Mater 8:29–35
55. Okada A, Usuki A (2006) Twenty years of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Macromol Mater
Eng 291:1449–1476
56. Pavlidou S, Papaspyrides CD (2008) A review on polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites.
Prog Polym Sci 33:1119–1198
57. Sinha Ray S, Okamoto M (2003) Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from
preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 28:1539–1641
58. Heinemann J, Reichert P, Thomann R, Mu ¨lhaupt R (1999) Polyolefin nanocomposites formed
by melt compounding and transition metal catalyzed ethene homo- and copolymerization in
the presence of layered silicates. Macromol Rapid Commun 20:423–430
59. Scheuermann GM, Rumi L, Steurer P, Bannwarth W, Mu ¨lhaupt R (2009) Palladium
nanoparticles on graphite oxide and its functionalized graphene derivatives as highly active
catalysts for the SuzukiÀMiyaura coupling reaction. J Am Chem Soc 131:8262–8270
60. Heinemann J (2000) Herstellung von linearen, verzweigten und funktionalisierten Oligo/Poly
(Ethen)en sowie von Polyolfin Nanokompositen durch katalytische Ethenpolymerisation.
PhD Thesis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg
61. Alexandre M, Dubois P, Sun T, Garces JM, Jerome R (2002) Polyethylene-layered silicate
nanocomposites prepared by the polymerization-filling technique: synthesis and mechanical
properties. Polymer 43:2123–2132
62. Ray S, Galgali G, Lele A, Sivaram S (2005) In situ polymerization of ethylene with bis
(imino)pyridine iron(II) catalysts supported on clay: the synthesis and characterization of
polyethylene–clay nanocomposites. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 43:304–318
63. Wei L, Tang T, Huang B (2004) Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene/clay–silica
nanocomposites: a montmorillonite/silica-hybrid-supported catalyst and in situ polymerization. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 42:941–949
64. Ma J, Qi Z, Hu Y (2001) Synthesis and characterization of polypropylene/clay
nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 82:3611–3617
65. Mecking S, Held A, Bauers M (2002) Aqueous catalytic polymerization of olefins. Angew
Chem Int Ed 41:544–561
66. Sun T, Garce ´s JM (2002) High-performance polypropylene–clay nanocomposites by in-situ
polymerization with metallocene/clay catalysts. Adv Mater 14:128–130
302
M. Stu ¨rzel et al.
the polymerization-filling technique with production of polyolefin-based composites.
Macromol Rapid Commun 21:931–936
46. Dubois P, Alexandre M, Je ´ro ˆme R (2003) Polymerization-filled composites and
nanocomposites by coordination catalysis. Macromol Symp 194:13–26
47. Kaminsky W, Zielonka H (1993) Polymerization of olefins in the presence of metal powders
with homogeneous catalysts. Polym Adv Technol 4:415–422
48. Schoeppel W, Reichert KH (1982) Polymerization of ethene by Ziegler catalysts in the
presence of fillers. Makromol. Chem Rapid Commun 3:483–488
49. Kaminsky W, Dutschke J, Maedler H, Miri M, Schlobohm M (1984) Process for the
preparation of filled polyolefins. Patent DE3240382
50. Scharlach K, Kaminsky W (2007) PE/CaCO 3 -nanocomposites synthesized by in-situ polymerization. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 8:987–990
51. Guo N, DiBenedetto SA, Kwon D-K, Wang L, Russell MT, Lanagan MT, Facchetti A, Marks
TJ (2007) Supported metallocene catalysis for in situ synthesis of high energy density metal
oxide nanocomposites. J Am Chem Soc 129:766–767
52. Rastogi S, Lippits DR, Peters GWM, Graf R, Yao Y, Spiess HW (2005) Heterogeneity in
polymer melts from melting of polymer crystals. Nat Mater 4:635–641
53. Ronca S, Forte G, Tjaden H, Yao Y, Rastogi S (2012) Tailoring molecular structure via
nanoparticles for solvent-free processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
composites. Polymer 53:2897–2907
54. Giannelis EP (1996) Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Adv Mater 8:29–35
55. Okada A, Usuki A (2006) Twenty years of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Macromol Mater
Eng 291:1449–1476
56. Pavlidou S, Papaspyrides CD (2008) A review on polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites.
Prog Polym Sci 33:1119–1198
57. Sinha Ray S, Okamoto M (2003) Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from
preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 28:1539–1641
58. Heinemann J, Reichert P, Thomann R, Mu ¨lhaupt R (1999) Polyolefin nanocomposites formed
by melt compounding and transition metal catalyzed ethene homo- and copolymerization in
the presence of layered silicates. Macromol Rapid Commun 20:423–430
59. Scheuermann GM, Rumi L, Steurer P, Bannwarth W, Mu ¨lhaupt R (2009) Palladium
nanoparticles on graphite oxide and its functionalized graphene derivatives as highly active
catalysts for the SuzukiÀMiyaura coupling reaction. J Am Chem Soc 131:8262–8270
60. Heinemann J (2000) Herstellung von linearen, verzweigten und funktionalisierten Oligo/Poly
(Ethen)en sowie von Polyolfin Nanokompositen durch katalytische Ethenpolymerisation.
PhD Thesis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg
61. Alexandre M, Dubois P, Sun T, Garces JM, Jerome R (2002) Polyethylene-layered silicate
nanocomposites prepared by the polymerization-filling technique: synthesis and mechanical
properties. Polymer 43:2123–2132
62. Ray S, Galgali G, Lele A, Sivaram S (2005) In situ polymerization of ethylene with bis
(imino)pyridine iron(II) catalysts supported on clay: the synthesis and characterization of
polyethylene–clay nanocomposites. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 43:304–318
63. Wei L, Tang T, Huang B (2004) Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene/clay–silica
nanocomposites: a montmorillonite/silica-hybrid-supported catalyst and in situ polymerization. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 42:941–949
64. Ma J, Qi Z, Hu Y (2001) Synthesis and characterization of polypropylene/clay
nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 82:3611–3617
65. Mecking S, Held A, Bauers M (2002) Aqueous catalytic polymerization of olefins. Angew
Chem Int Ed 41:544–561
66. Sun T, Garce ´s JM (2002) High-performance polypropylene–clay nanocomposites by in-situ
polymerization with metallocene/clay catalysts. Adv Mater 14:128–130
302
M. Stu ¨rzel et al.