Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the multiKAT project
(project 03X3565C). Moreover, the authors are grateful to LyondellBasell for their longstanding
support of our research on olefin polymerization.
References
1. Galli P, Vecellio G (2001) Technology: driving force behind innovation and growth of
polyolefins. Prog Polym Sci 26:1287–1336
2. Qiao J, Guo M, Wang L, Liu D, Zhang X, Yu L, Song W, Liu Y (2011) Recent advances in
polyolefin technology. Polym Chem 2:1611–1623
3. Pasquini N, Albizzati E, Addeo A (2005) Polypropylene handbook, 2nd edn. Hanser
Publishers, Munich
4. Mu ¨lhaupt R (2013) Green polymer chemistry and bio-based plastics: dreams and reality.
Macromol Chem Phys 214:159–174
5. Nwabunma D, Kyu T (2008) Polyolefin composites. Wiley, Hoboken
6. Manias E, Touny A, Wu L, Strawhecker K, Lu B, Chung TC (2001) Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Review of the synthetic routes and materials properties. Chem
Mater 13:3516–3523
7. Usuki A, Hasegawa N, Kato M (2005) Polymer-clay nanocomposites. Adv Polym Sci
179:135–195
8. Zhou Y, Rangari V, Mahfuz H, Jeelani S, Mallick PK (2005) Experimental study on thermal
and mechanical behavior of polypropylene, talc/polypropylene and polypropylene/clay
nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 402:109–117
9. Chan C-M, Wu J, Li J-X, Cheung Y-K (2002) Polypropylene/calcium carbonate
nanocomposites. Polymer 43:2981–2992
10. Yang K, Yang Q, Li G, Sun Y, Feng D (2006) Morphology and mechanical properties of
polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Mater Lett 60:805–809
11. Zuiderduin WCJ, Westzaan C, Hue ´tink J, Gaymans RJ (2003) Toughening of polypropylene
with calcium carbonate particles. Polymer 44:261–275
12. Mu ¨lhaupt R, Schall N, Engelhardt T (2001) Nanocomposites – auf dem Weg zur Anwendung.
Kunststoffe 10:178–190
13. Alexandre M, Martin E, Dubois P, Marti MG, Je ´ro ˆme R (2001) Polymerization-filling
technique: an efficient way to improve the mechanical properties of polyethylene composites.
Chem Mater 13:236–237
14. Bredeau S, Peeterbroeck S, Bonduel D, Alexandre M, Dubois P (2008) From carbon
nanotube coatings to high-performance polymer nanocomposites. Polym Int 57:547–553
15. Dubois P, Alexandre M (2006) Performant clay/carbon nanotube polymer nanocomposites.
Adv Eng Mater 8:147–154
16. Dubois P, Alexandre M, Hindryckx F, Je ´ro ˆme R (1998) Polyolefin-based composites by
polymerization-filling technique. J Macromol Sci Part C 38:511–565
17. Funck A, Kaminsky W (2007) Polypropylene carbon nanotube composites by in situ polymerization. Compos Sci Technol 67:906–915
18. Trujillo M, Arnal ML, Muller AJ, Bredeau S, Bonduel D, Dubois P, Hamley IW, Castelletto
V (2008) Thermal fractionation and isothermal crystallization of polyethylene
nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization. Macromolecules 41:2087–2095
19. Severn JR, Chadwick JC, Duchateau R, Friederichs N (2005) “Bound but Not Gagged”-immobilizing single-site α-olefin polymerization catalysts. Chem Rev 105:4073–4147
20. Hlatky GG (2000) Heterogeneous single-site catalysts for olefin polymerization. Chem Rev
100:1347–1376
300
M. Stu ¨rzel et al.
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the multiKAT project
(project 03X3565C). Moreover, the authors are grateful to LyondellBasell for their longstanding
support of our research on olefin polymerization.
References
1. Galli P, Vecellio G (2001) Technology: driving force behind innovation and growth of
polyolefins. Prog Polym Sci 26:1287–1336
2. Qiao J, Guo M, Wang L, Liu D, Zhang X, Yu L, Song W, Liu Y (2011) Recent advances in
polyolefin technology. Polym Chem 2:1611–1623
3. Pasquini N, Albizzati E, Addeo A (2005) Polypropylene handbook, 2nd edn. Hanser
Publishers, Munich
4. Mu ¨lhaupt R (2013) Green polymer chemistry and bio-based plastics: dreams and reality.
Macromol Chem Phys 214:159–174
5. Nwabunma D, Kyu T (2008) Polyolefin composites. Wiley, Hoboken
6. Manias E, Touny A, Wu L, Strawhecker K, Lu B, Chung TC (2001) Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Review of the synthetic routes and materials properties. Chem
Mater 13:3516–3523
7. Usuki A, Hasegawa N, Kato M (2005) Polymer-clay nanocomposites. Adv Polym Sci
179:135–195
8. Zhou Y, Rangari V, Mahfuz H, Jeelani S, Mallick PK (2005) Experimental study on thermal
and mechanical behavior of polypropylene, talc/polypropylene and polypropylene/clay
nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 402:109–117
9. Chan C-M, Wu J, Li J-X, Cheung Y-K (2002) Polypropylene/calcium carbonate
nanocomposites. Polymer 43:2981–2992
10. Yang K, Yang Q, Li G, Sun Y, Feng D (2006) Morphology and mechanical properties of
polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Mater Lett 60:805–809
11. Zuiderduin WCJ, Westzaan C, Hue ´tink J, Gaymans RJ (2003) Toughening of polypropylene
with calcium carbonate particles. Polymer 44:261–275
12. Mu ¨lhaupt R, Schall N, Engelhardt T (2001) Nanocomposites – auf dem Weg zur Anwendung.
Kunststoffe 10:178–190
13. Alexandre M, Martin E, Dubois P, Marti MG, Je ´ro ˆme R (2001) Polymerization-filling
technique: an efficient way to improve the mechanical properties of polyethylene composites.
Chem Mater 13:236–237
14. Bredeau S, Peeterbroeck S, Bonduel D, Alexandre M, Dubois P (2008) From carbon
nanotube coatings to high-performance polymer nanocomposites. Polym Int 57:547–553
15. Dubois P, Alexandre M (2006) Performant clay/carbon nanotube polymer nanocomposites.
Adv Eng Mater 8:147–154
16. Dubois P, Alexandre M, Hindryckx F, Je ´ro ˆme R (1998) Polyolefin-based composites by
polymerization-filling technique. J Macromol Sci Part C 38:511–565
17. Funck A, Kaminsky W (2007) Polypropylene carbon nanotube composites by in situ polymerization. Compos Sci Technol 67:906–915
18. Trujillo M, Arnal ML, Muller AJ, Bredeau S, Bonduel D, Dubois P, Hamley IW, Castelletto
V (2008) Thermal fractionation and isothermal crystallization of polyethylene
nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization. Macromolecules 41:2087–2095
19. Severn JR, Chadwick JC, Duchateau R, Friederichs N (2005) “Bound but Not Gagged”-immobilizing single-site α-olefin polymerization catalysts. Chem Rev 105:4073–4147
20. Hlatky GG (2000) Heterogeneous single-site catalysts for olefin polymerization. Chem Rev
100:1347–1376
300
M. Stu ¨rzel et al.