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83. Zaumseil J, Groves C, Winfield JM, Greenham NC, Sirringhaus H (2008) Electron-hole
recombination in uniaxially aligned semiconducting polymers. Adv Funct Mater 18:3630–
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84. Amundson KR, Sapjeta BJ, Lovinger AJ, Bao ZN (2002) An in-plane anisotropic organic
semiconductor based upon poly(3-hexyl thiophene). Thin Solid Films 414:143–149
85. Jimison LH, Toney MF, McCulloch I, Heeney M, Salleo A (2009) Charge-transport anisotropy due to grain boundaries in directionally crystallized thin films of regioregular poly
(3-hexylthiophene). Adv Mater 21:1568–1572
86. O’Connor B, Kline RJ, Conrad BR, Richter LJ, Gundlach D, Toney MF, DeLongchamp DM
(2011) Anisotropic structure and charge transport in highly strain-aligned regioregular poly
(3-hexylthiophene). Adv Funct Mater 21:3697–3705
87. Fischer FSU, Tremel K, Sommer M, Crossland EJC, Ludwigs S (2012) Directed crystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in micrometre channels under confinement and in electric
fields. Nanoscale 4:2138–2144
88. Lee MJ, Gupta D, Zhao N, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Sirringhaus H (2011) Anisotropy of
charge transport in a uniaxially aligned and chain-extended, high-mobility, conjugated
polymer semiconductor. Adv Funct Mater 21:932–940
P3HT and Other Polythiophene Field-Effect Transistors
135
(2009) The role of the oxygen/water redox couple in suppressing electron conduction in fieldeffect transistors. Adv Mater 21:3087–3091
71. Lim SC, Kim SH, Lee JH, Kim MK, Kim DJ, Zyung T (2005) Surface-treatment effects on
organic thin-film transistors. Synth Met 148:75–79
72. Ito Y, Virkar AA, Mannsfeld S, Oh JH, Toney M, Locklin J, Bao Z (2009) Crystalline
ultrasmooth self-assembled monolayers of alkylsilanes for organic field-effect transistors. J
Am Chem Soc 131:9396–9404
73. Kobayashi S, Nishikawa T, Takenobu T, Mori S, Shimoda T, Mitani T, Shimotani H,
Yoshimoto N, Ogawa S, Iwasa Y (2004) Control of carrier density by self-assembled monolayers in organic field-effect transistors. Nat Mater 3:317–322
74. Kim DH, Park YD, Jang Y, Yang H, Kim YH, Han JI, Moon DG, Park S, Chang T, Chang C
et al (2005) Enhancement of field-effect mobility due to surface-mediated molecular ordering
in regioregular polythiophene thin film transistors. Adv Funct Mater 15:77–82
75. Kline RJ, McGehee MD, Toney MF (2006) Highly oriented crystals at the buried interface in
polythiophene thin-film transistors. Nat Mater 5:222–228
76. Jimison LH, Himmelberger S, Duong DT, Rivnay J, Toney MF, Salleo A (2013) Vertical
confinement and interface effects on the microstructure and charge transport of P3ht thin
films. J Polym Sci B 51:611–620
77. Rivnay J, Mannsfeld SCB, Miller CE, Salleo A, Toney MF (2012) Quantitative determination
of organic semiconductor microstructure from the molecular to device scale. Chem Rev
112:5488–5519
78. Veres J, Ogier SD, Leeming SW, Cupertino DC, Khaffaf SM (2003) Low-K insulators as the
choice of dielectrics in organic field- effect transistors. Adv Funct Mater 13:199–204
79. Veres J, Ogier S, Lloyd G, de Leeuw D (2004) Gate insulators in organic field-effect
transistors. Chem Mat 16:4543–4555
80. Lan Y-K, Huang C-I (2009) Charge mobility and transport behavior in the ordered and
disordered states of the regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene). J Phys Chem B 113:14555–
14564
81. Lan Y-K, Yang CH, Yang H-C (2010) Theoretical investigations of electronic structure and
charge transport properties in polythiophene-based organic field-effect transistors. Polym Int
59:16–21
82. Sirringhaus H, Wilson RJ, Friend RH, Inbasekaran M, Wu W, Woo EP, Grell M, Bradley
DDC (2000) Mobility enhancement in conjugated polymer field-effect transistors through
chain alignment in a liquid-crystalline phase. Appl Phys Lett 77:406–408
83. Zaumseil J, Groves C, Winfield JM, Greenham NC, Sirringhaus H (2008) Electron-hole
recombination in uniaxially aligned semiconducting polymers. Adv Funct Mater 18:3630–
3637
84. Amundson KR, Sapjeta BJ, Lovinger AJ, Bao ZN (2002) An in-plane anisotropic organic
semiconductor based upon poly(3-hexyl thiophene). Thin Solid Films 414:143–149
85. Jimison LH, Toney MF, McCulloch I, Heeney M, Salleo A (2009) Charge-transport anisotropy due to grain boundaries in directionally crystallized thin films of regioregular poly
(3-hexylthiophene). Adv Mater 21:1568–1572
86. O’Connor B, Kline RJ, Conrad BR, Richter LJ, Gundlach D, Toney MF, DeLongchamp DM
(2011) Anisotropic structure and charge transport in highly strain-aligned regioregular poly
(3-hexylthiophene). Adv Funct Mater 21:3697–3705
87. Fischer FSU, Tremel K, Sommer M, Crossland EJC, Ludwigs S (2012) Directed crystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in micrometre channels under confinement and in electric
fields. Nanoscale 4:2138–2144
88. Lee MJ, Gupta D, Zhao N, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Sirringhaus H (2011) Anisotropy of
charge transport in a uniaxially aligned and chain-extended, high-mobility, conjugated
polymer semiconductor. Adv Funct Mater 21:932–940
P3HT and Other Polythiophene Field-Effect Transistors
135