26
G. Jha et al.
8.5 Carbon Footprint Assessment of the Municipal Waste [51]
Municipal waste is the everyday waste discarded from households, institutions, small
businesses, office buildings, and other street and yard wastes. As per the report of
Global Waste Management Outlook Report for the year 2015 (published by the International Solid Waste Association with the United Nations Environment Programme),
these wastes generation increases annually with a rate of 2 billion tonnes/year. Municipal waste is mainly comprised of three types; construction wastes, residential waste,
and industrial waste with a share of 36%, 24%, and 21%, respectively. These municipal wastes are either dumped or burned, openly which is a critical concern. Also,
another critical concern arising is the capital investment for disposal and waste
management. Here, the assessment has been carried out by Franca and team [51]
where the study revolves around Rio de Janeiro which is the second-largest megacity
of Brazil. The country produced around 78.6 million tonnes of waste in 2014. As per
the statistics of Brazilian competent authority, in 2012, the city produced 22.6 million
tonnes of CO 2, out of which 1.6 million tonnes were from urban waste disposal and
0.5 million tonnes from domestic and commercial sewage. A good and considerable way is to use these wastes as landfills but this is very selective in terms of
wastes composition. Also, the objective must be more focused on recycle, reduce,
and reutilize and then a controlled landfilling.
Here, an assessment has been carried out to provide the current trend of municipal
waste in the city and their disposal scenario. Also, a trend of CO 2 generation is
highlighted.
Objective: Carbon footprint assessment of the municipal waste generated in Rio de
Janeiro.
Goal and Scope: The goal is to assess the carbon footprint of the municipal waste
generated in Rio, and the efficient disposal in terms of management and utilization
as controlled landfills.
Inventory generation: The datasets are collected from the city’s municipal authorities. A sample of the data is displayed here that indicates the various sectors
contributing to GHGs and their share (see Fig. 3). The data are based on Rio de
Janeiro (Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Waste of Rio de Janeiro,
2012).
Impact assessment: Municipal waste is a day to day waste from our society, which
when collected represents a huge amount. These wastes while burning generate
GHGs and other effluents, which must be undone. Sustainable planning of the society
and also proper waste utilization is the key factor in the efficient utilization of these
wastes.
Interpretation and recommendation: The assessment recommends a sustainable
utilization of municipal waste. Primarily, the proper collection, storage, and transportation strategy must be followed that will respond economically in the long run.
Secondarily, the following pattern must be incorporated; nongeneration of wastes,
G. Jha et al.
8.5 Carbon Footprint Assessment of the Municipal Waste [51]
Municipal waste is the everyday waste discarded from households, institutions, small
businesses, office buildings, and other street and yard wastes. As per the report of
Global Waste Management Outlook Report for the year 2015 (published by the International Solid Waste Association with the United Nations Environment Programme),
these wastes generation increases annually with a rate of 2 billion tonnes/year. Municipal waste is mainly comprised of three types; construction wastes, residential waste,
and industrial waste with a share of 36%, 24%, and 21%, respectively. These municipal wastes are either dumped or burned, openly which is a critical concern. Also,
another critical concern arising is the capital investment for disposal and waste
management. Here, the assessment has been carried out by Franca and team [51]
where the study revolves around Rio de Janeiro which is the second-largest megacity
of Brazil. The country produced around 78.6 million tonnes of waste in 2014. As per
the statistics of Brazilian competent authority, in 2012, the city produced 22.6 million
tonnes of CO 2, out of which 1.6 million tonnes were from urban waste disposal and
0.5 million tonnes from domestic and commercial sewage. A good and considerable way is to use these wastes as landfills but this is very selective in terms of
wastes composition. Also, the objective must be more focused on recycle, reduce,
and reutilize and then a controlled landfilling.
Here, an assessment has been carried out to provide the current trend of municipal
waste in the city and their disposal scenario. Also, a trend of CO 2 generation is
highlighted.
Objective: Carbon footprint assessment of the municipal waste generated in Rio de
Janeiro.
Goal and Scope: The goal is to assess the carbon footprint of the municipal waste
generated in Rio, and the efficient disposal in terms of management and utilization
as controlled landfills.
Inventory generation: The datasets are collected from the city’s municipal authorities. A sample of the data is displayed here that indicates the various sectors
contributing to GHGs and their share (see Fig. 3). The data are based on Rio de
Janeiro (Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Waste of Rio de Janeiro,
2012).
Impact assessment: Municipal waste is a day to day waste from our society, which
when collected represents a huge amount. These wastes while burning generate
GHGs and other effluents, which must be undone. Sustainable planning of the society
and also proper waste utilization is the key factor in the efficient utilization of these
wastes.
Interpretation and recommendation: The assessment recommends a sustainable
utilization of municipal waste. Primarily, the proper collection, storage, and transportation strategy must be followed that will respond economically in the long run.
Secondarily, the following pattern must be incorporated; nongeneration of wastes,