Carbon Footprint Estimation of an Indian Thermal Power Plant …
101
both upstream and downstream was taken into consideration. Upstream provisions
include fuel, resources required for transportation of raw materials, employees business travel/tours, energy requirement in administrative office, whereas downstream
provisions include emission resulting from transportation of wastes and by-products
to the related sites, agents and companies.
Limitations of Study
However, a number of problems were faced while carrying out the study. The supply
of coal at the power stations was irregular at certain point of times, which disrupted
the production process and made the data collection problematic; data relating to
certain aspects were confidential in nature and access to such data could not be
made.
5 Results
The detailed estimation CF based on LCA approach has been shown in Table 1.
The basis of estimation of CF at each of the three stage of life cycle of the plant is
explained and finally the total CF and the total emissions from each of the direct and
indirect sources have been explained in detail.
A. Carbon Footprint from transportation of coal, fuel, chemicals (Indirect
Emissions)
The requirement of raw materials for the plant is met by a number of suppliers. The
supply of the key raw material for production, coal is obtained from Coal India Ltd.
The company provides around 65% of the total coal requisition of the plant. A number
of coal agencies namely Mahanadi Coal Fields Limited (MCL), Bharat Coking Coal
Limited (BCCL), and Eastern Coal Fields Limited (ECL) are the suppliers of 28%
of the required coal and the rest 7% of the coal is gathered from e-auction. For
calculating emission from combustion of coal, it is assumed that non-coking coal
(Grade D and E) was utilized. In 2016–17, the quantity of coal and light diesel oil that
were consumed has been found to be respectively 45,46,282 Metric Tonnes (MT) and
5,350 kilo litres (KL). Supply of coal was brought mainly by rail route from varied
distant places (stretching from 20 km to 250 km). So the annual coal requirement
of 45,46,282 MT of coal is transported from an average distance of approximately
75–150 km.
This is based on an approximate estimation of 12,500 MT of coal per day for
365 days in 2016–2017 to the power plant from several destinations by rail route. On
an average 12,500 MT of coal was transported by five trains per day. Emission factor
of 0.0095 kgCO 2 e/tkm [India Specific Rail Transport Emission Factors, Version 1.0.
under India GHG Program prescribed by WRI, TERI and CII, India in 2015) has
been taken for calculation of emission from coal combustion.
101
both upstream and downstream was taken into consideration. Upstream provisions
include fuel, resources required for transportation of raw materials, employees business travel/tours, energy requirement in administrative office, whereas downstream
provisions include emission resulting from transportation of wastes and by-products
to the related sites, agents and companies.
Limitations of Study
However, a number of problems were faced while carrying out the study. The supply
of coal at the power stations was irregular at certain point of times, which disrupted
the production process and made the data collection problematic; data relating to
certain aspects were confidential in nature and access to such data could not be
made.
5 Results
The detailed estimation CF based on LCA approach has been shown in Table 1.
The basis of estimation of CF at each of the three stage of life cycle of the plant is
explained and finally the total CF and the total emissions from each of the direct and
indirect sources have been explained in detail.
A. Carbon Footprint from transportation of coal, fuel, chemicals (Indirect
Emissions)
The requirement of raw materials for the plant is met by a number of suppliers. The
supply of the key raw material for production, coal is obtained from Coal India Ltd.
The company provides around 65% of the total coal requisition of the plant. A number
of coal agencies namely Mahanadi Coal Fields Limited (MCL), Bharat Coking Coal
Limited (BCCL), and Eastern Coal Fields Limited (ECL) are the suppliers of 28%
of the required coal and the rest 7% of the coal is gathered from e-auction. For
calculating emission from combustion of coal, it is assumed that non-coking coal
(Grade D and E) was utilized. In 2016–17, the quantity of coal and light diesel oil that
were consumed has been found to be respectively 45,46,282 Metric Tonnes (MT) and
5,350 kilo litres (KL). Supply of coal was brought mainly by rail route from varied
distant places (stretching from 20 km to 250 km). So the annual coal requirement
of 45,46,282 MT of coal is transported from an average distance of approximately
75–150 km.
This is based on an approximate estimation of 12,500 MT of coal per day for
365 days in 2016–2017 to the power plant from several destinations by rail route. On
an average 12,500 MT of coal was transported by five trains per day. Emission factor
of 0.0095 kgCO 2 e/tkm [India Specific Rail Transport Emission Factors, Version 1.0.
under India GHG Program prescribed by WRI, TERI and CII, India in 2015) has
been taken for calculation of emission from coal combustion.