100
D. Chakraborty
Study Boundary
Study boundary encompasses—organizational boundary and operational boundary.
Attempt has been made to keep the organizational boundary as broad as possible
keeping focus on the GHG emissions (only CO 2 emissions) emitted by the facilities
during power generation. The operational boundary embraces extraction of resource
(cradle) to final discarding of generated wastes (grave).
The total process necessary to generate electricity constitute—transportation of
coal (hard Grade D/E), fuel (Light Diesel Oil or Heavy Fuel Oil) and other chemicals
that are present in the factory premises; the production process and other servicerelated activities carried out at the administrative office, employees business tours;
and at the final stage transportation and disposal of wastes, for measuring the total
carbon emission of the power plant unit. Emission of carbon at each stage of the
total process was calculated. The emission factors are mainly calculated based on
the secondary sources.
For estimating emission from transportation of coal, fuel, generated waste and
employees travel by road, India Specific Road Transport Emission Factors, Version
1.0. (under India GHG Program prescribed by WRI India, TERI and CII in 2015) [24]
was used. On the other hand, India Specific Railway Transport Emission Factors,
Version 1.0. (under India GHG Program prescribed by WRI India, TERI and CII in
2015) [25] has been used for estimating emission from transportation of coal, fuel
oil and chemicals by rail.
Also, emission factor approved by Guidance for Voluntary Corporate Greenhouse
Gas Reporting—2015 [26] has been followed for assessing emission from coal and
fuel consumed in the boiler for generating electricity. CF has been calculated at
each stage and summation of all the stages provided the total CF of the unit. The
activity data (kg/litres/kWh/tkm) at each stage of the LCA are multiplied by the
emission factor (kg CO 2 e per kg/litres/kWh/tkm). However, impact of manufacture
of equipment and chemicals used in the power generation process has been excluded.
For all three stages, emission from water used during the generation process was
taken into account. As a part of eco-friendly drive rainwater from the two nearby
dams are used by the plant to meet its total water consumption. Also a considerable
portion of the water used is treated, examined and finally discharged to the nearby
river.
Data Sources
The study was carried out at the power plant of the said company. A questionnaire
was prepared beforehand on the basis of which primary data were obtained verbally
from the plant engineer, boiler house operators and the store manager after repeated
visits to the plant. The employees working on the shop floor were also consulted as
they are involved in the day to day activities of the plant, and that proved to be useful.
CF of the plant has been estimated based on the primary data and using emission factor from secondary sources. CO 2 emissions from both the direct and indirect
sources of energy were calculated for 2016–2017. Direct emission resulting from the
stack of power plant, operation of power plant was calculated. Indirect emission from
D. Chakraborty
Study Boundary
Study boundary encompasses—organizational boundary and operational boundary.
Attempt has been made to keep the organizational boundary as broad as possible
keeping focus on the GHG emissions (only CO 2 emissions) emitted by the facilities
during power generation. The operational boundary embraces extraction of resource
(cradle) to final discarding of generated wastes (grave).
The total process necessary to generate electricity constitute—transportation of
coal (hard Grade D/E), fuel (Light Diesel Oil or Heavy Fuel Oil) and other chemicals
that are present in the factory premises; the production process and other servicerelated activities carried out at the administrative office, employees business tours;
and at the final stage transportation and disposal of wastes, for measuring the total
carbon emission of the power plant unit. Emission of carbon at each stage of the
total process was calculated. The emission factors are mainly calculated based on
the secondary sources.
For estimating emission from transportation of coal, fuel, generated waste and
employees travel by road, India Specific Road Transport Emission Factors, Version
1.0. (under India GHG Program prescribed by WRI India, TERI and CII in 2015) [24]
was used. On the other hand, India Specific Railway Transport Emission Factors,
Version 1.0. (under India GHG Program prescribed by WRI India, TERI and CII in
2015) [25] has been used for estimating emission from transportation of coal, fuel
oil and chemicals by rail.
Also, emission factor approved by Guidance for Voluntary Corporate Greenhouse
Gas Reporting—2015 [26] has been followed for assessing emission from coal and
fuel consumed in the boiler for generating electricity. CF has been calculated at
each stage and summation of all the stages provided the total CF of the unit. The
activity data (kg/litres/kWh/tkm) at each stage of the LCA are multiplied by the
emission factor (kg CO 2 e per kg/litres/kWh/tkm). However, impact of manufacture
of equipment and chemicals used in the power generation process has been excluded.
For all three stages, emission from water used during the generation process was
taken into account. As a part of eco-friendly drive rainwater from the two nearby
dams are used by the plant to meet its total water consumption. Also a considerable
portion of the water used is treated, examined and finally discharged to the nearby
river.
Data Sources
The study was carried out at the power plant of the said company. A questionnaire
was prepared beforehand on the basis of which primary data were obtained verbally
from the plant engineer, boiler house operators and the store manager after repeated
visits to the plant. The employees working on the shop floor were also consulted as
they are involved in the day to day activities of the plant, and that proved to be useful.
CF of the plant has been estimated based on the primary data and using emission factor from secondary sources. CO 2 emissions from both the direct and indirect
sources of energy were calculated for 2016–2017. Direct emission resulting from the
stack of power plant, operation of power plant was calculated. Indirect emission from