19. Ga ¨rdlund L, Wa ˚gberg L, Gernandt R (2003) Polyelectrolyte complexes for surface modification of wood fibres II. Influence of complexes on wet and dry strength of paper. Colloids Surf A
218:137–149
20. Biggs S, Sakai K, Addison T et al (2007) Layer-by-layer formation of smart particle coatings
using oppositely charged block copolymer micelles. Adv Mater 19:247–250
21. Toomey R, Mays J, Holley DW et al (2005) Adsorption mechanisms of charged, amphiphilic
diblock copolymers: the role of micellization and surface affinity. Macromolecules
38:5137–5143
22. Wittmer J, Joanny J-F (1993) Charged diblock copolymers at interfaces. Macromolecules
26:2691–2697
23. Kramer G, Somasundaran P (2004) Fluorescence and ESR studies of the conformational
behavior of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes at solid/liquid interfaces. J Colloid Interface
Sci 273:115–120
24. Hubbe MA, Moore SM, Lee SY (2005) Effects of charge ratios and cationic polymer nature on
polyelectrolyte complex deposition onto cellulose. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:3068–3074
25. Saarinen T, O ¨ sterberg M, Laine J (2008) Adsorption of polyelectrolyte multilayers and
complexes on silica and cellulose surfaces studied by QCM-D. Colloids Surf A 330:134–142
26. Norgren M, Ga ¨rdlund L, Notley SM et al (2007) Smooth model surfaces from lignin
derivatives. II. Adsorption of polyelectrolytes and PECs monitored by QCM-D. Langmuir
23:3737–3743
27. Wa ˚gberg L, Lindstro ¨m T (1987) Some fundamental aspects on dual component retention aid
systems. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 2:49–55
28. Lofton MC, Moore SM, Hubbe MA et al (2005) Deposition of polyelectrolyte complexes as a
mechanism for developing paper dry strength. Tappi J 4:3–8
29. Koljonen K, Vainio A, Hiltunen E et al (2003) The effect of polyelectrolyte adsorption on the
strength properties of paper made from mixtures of mechanical and chemical pulps.
In: Proceedings 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal,
Canada, June 2003. Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
30. Vainio A, Paulapuro H, Koljonen K et al (2006) The effect of drying stress and polyelectrolyte
complexes on the strength properties of paper. J Pulp Pap Sci 32:9–13
31. Heermann ML, Welter SR, Hubbe MA (2006) Effects of high treatment levels in a dry-strength
additive program based on deposition of polyelectrolyte complexes: how much glue is too
much? Tappi J 5:9–14
32. Hubbe MA (2005) Dry-strength development by polyelectrolyte complex deposition onto nonbonding glass fibres. J Pulp Pap Sci 31:159–166
33. Lindstro ¨m T (1989) Some fundamental chemical aspects on paper forming. In: Punton V and
Baker CF (eds) Fundamentals of papermaking: transactions 9th fundamental research symposium, Cambridge, Sept 1989. Mechanical Engineering Publications, London
34. Andersson K, Lindgren E (1996) Important properties of colloidal silica in microparticulate
systems. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 11:15–21
35. Agarwal M, Lvov Y, Varahramyan K (2006) Conductive wood microfibres for smart paper
through layer-by-layer nanocoating. Nanotechnology 17:5319–5325
36. Agarwal M, Xing Q, Shim BS et al (2009) Conductive paper from lignocellulose wood
microfibers coated with a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers.
Nanotechnology 20: 215602
37. Renneckar S, Zhou Y (2009) Nanoscale coatings on wood: polyelectrolyte adsorption and
layer-by-layer assembled film formation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 1:559–566
38. Lindstro ¨m T, So ¨remark C, Westman L (1977) The influence on paper strength of dissolved and
colloidal substances in the white water. Svensk Papperstid 80:341–345
39. Nylund J, Byman-Fagerholm H, Rosenholm JB (1993) Physico-chemical characterization of
colloidal material in mechanical pulp. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 8:280–283
40. Li P, Pelton R (1992) Wood pulp washing. 1. Complex formation between kraft lignin and
cationic polymers. Colloids Surf 64:217–222
22
C. Ankerfors and L. Wa ˚gberg
218:137–149
20. Biggs S, Sakai K, Addison T et al (2007) Layer-by-layer formation of smart particle coatings
using oppositely charged block copolymer micelles. Adv Mater 19:247–250
21. Toomey R, Mays J, Holley DW et al (2005) Adsorption mechanisms of charged, amphiphilic
diblock copolymers: the role of micellization and surface affinity. Macromolecules
38:5137–5143
22. Wittmer J, Joanny J-F (1993) Charged diblock copolymers at interfaces. Macromolecules
26:2691–2697
23. Kramer G, Somasundaran P (2004) Fluorescence and ESR studies of the conformational
behavior of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes at solid/liquid interfaces. J Colloid Interface
Sci 273:115–120
24. Hubbe MA, Moore SM, Lee SY (2005) Effects of charge ratios and cationic polymer nature on
polyelectrolyte complex deposition onto cellulose. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:3068–3074
25. Saarinen T, O ¨ sterberg M, Laine J (2008) Adsorption of polyelectrolyte multilayers and
complexes on silica and cellulose surfaces studied by QCM-D. Colloids Surf A 330:134–142
26. Norgren M, Ga ¨rdlund L, Notley SM et al (2007) Smooth model surfaces from lignin
derivatives. II. Adsorption of polyelectrolytes and PECs monitored by QCM-D. Langmuir
23:3737–3743
27. Wa ˚gberg L, Lindstro ¨m T (1987) Some fundamental aspects on dual component retention aid
systems. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 2:49–55
28. Lofton MC, Moore SM, Hubbe MA et al (2005) Deposition of polyelectrolyte complexes as a
mechanism for developing paper dry strength. Tappi J 4:3–8
29. Koljonen K, Vainio A, Hiltunen E et al (2003) The effect of polyelectrolyte adsorption on the
strength properties of paper made from mixtures of mechanical and chemical pulps.
In: Proceedings 5th International Paper and Coating Chemistry Symposium, Montreal,
Canada, June 2003. Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
30. Vainio A, Paulapuro H, Koljonen K et al (2006) The effect of drying stress and polyelectrolyte
complexes on the strength properties of paper. J Pulp Pap Sci 32:9–13
31. Heermann ML, Welter SR, Hubbe MA (2006) Effects of high treatment levels in a dry-strength
additive program based on deposition of polyelectrolyte complexes: how much glue is too
much? Tappi J 5:9–14
32. Hubbe MA (2005) Dry-strength development by polyelectrolyte complex deposition onto nonbonding glass fibres. J Pulp Pap Sci 31:159–166
33. Lindstro ¨m T (1989) Some fundamental chemical aspects on paper forming. In: Punton V and
Baker CF (eds) Fundamentals of papermaking: transactions 9th fundamental research symposium, Cambridge, Sept 1989. Mechanical Engineering Publications, London
34. Andersson K, Lindgren E (1996) Important properties of colloidal silica in microparticulate
systems. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 11:15–21
35. Agarwal M, Lvov Y, Varahramyan K (2006) Conductive wood microfibres for smart paper
through layer-by-layer nanocoating. Nanotechnology 17:5319–5325
36. Agarwal M, Xing Q, Shim BS et al (2009) Conductive paper from lignocellulose wood
microfibers coated with a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers.
Nanotechnology 20: 215602
37. Renneckar S, Zhou Y (2009) Nanoscale coatings on wood: polyelectrolyte adsorption and
layer-by-layer assembled film formation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 1:559–566
38. Lindstro ¨m T, So ¨remark C, Westman L (1977) The influence on paper strength of dissolved and
colloidal substances in the white water. Svensk Papperstid 80:341–345
39. Nylund J, Byman-Fagerholm H, Rosenholm JB (1993) Physico-chemical characterization of
colloidal material in mechanical pulp. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 8:280–283
40. Li P, Pelton R (1992) Wood pulp washing. 1. Complex formation between kraft lignin and
cationic polymers. Colloids Surf 64:217–222
22
C. Ankerfors and L. Wa ˚gberg