163. Dubruel P, Dekie L, Christiaens B, Vanloo B, Rosseneu M, Vandekerckhove J, Mannisto M,
Urtti A, Schacht E (2003) Poly-L-glutamic acid derivatives as multifunctional vectors for
gene delivery. Part B. Biological evaluation. Biomacromolecules 4:1177–1183
164. Pack DW, Putnam D, Langer R (2000) Design of imidazole-containing endosomolytic
biopolymers for gene delivery. Biotechnol Bioeng 67:217–223
165. Ramsay E, Hadgraft J, Birchall J, Gumbleton M (2000) Examination of the biophysical
interaction between plasmid DNA and the polycations, polylysine and polyornithine, as a
basis for their differential gene transfection in-vitro. Int J Pharm 210:97–107
166. Blauer G, Alfassi ZB (1967) A comparison between poly-α, L-ornithine and poly-α, L-lysine
in solution: the effect of a CH 2 group on the side-chain on the conformation of the
poly-α-amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 133:206–218
167. Morgan DML, Larvin VL, Pearson JD (1989) Biochemical characterisation of polycationinduced cytotoxity to human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 94:553–559
168. Reich Z, Ittah Y, Weinberger S, Minsky A (1990) Chiral and structural discrimination in
binding of polypeptides with condensed nucleic acid structures. J Biol Chem 265:5590–5594
169. Mann A, Khan MA, Shukla V, Ganguli M (2007) Atomic force microscopy reveals the
assembly of potential DNA “nanocarriers” by poly-L-ornithine. Biophys Chem 129:126–136
170. Lim Y-B, Kim C-H, Kim K, Kim SW, Park J-S (2000) Development of a safe gene delivery
system using biodegradable polymer, poly[α-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid]. J Am Chem
Soc 122:6524–6525
171. Putnam D, Langer R (1999) Poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline ester): low-temperature polycondensation and plasmid DNA complexation. Macromolecules 32:3658–3662
172. Simon RJ, Kania RS, Zuckermann RN, Huebner VD, Jewell DA, Banville S, Ng S, Wang L,
Rosenberg S, Marlowe CK, Spellmeyer DC, Tan R, Frankel AD, Santi DV, Cohen FE,
Bartlett PA (1992) Peptoids: a modular approach to drug discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
89:9367–9371
173. Fowler SA, Blackwell HE (2009) Structure-function relationships in peptoids: recent
advances toward deciphering the structural requirements for biological function. Org Biomol
Chem 7:1508–1524
174. Zuckermann RN, Kodadek T (2009) Peptoids as potential therapeutics. Curr Opin Mol Ther
11:299–307
175. Murphy JE, Uno T, Hamer JD, Cohen FE, Dwarki V, Zuckermann RN (1998) A combinatorial approach to the discovery of efficient cationic peptoid reagents for gene delivery. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 95:1517–1522
176. Lobo BA, Vetro JA, Suich DM, Zuckermann RN, Middaugh CR (2003) Structure/function
analysis of peptoid/lipitoid: DNA complexes. J Pharm Sci 92:1905–1918
177. Ji W, Panus D, Palumbo RN, Tang R, Wang C (2011) Poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) with
well-defined chain length for DNA vaccine delivery to dendritic cells. Biomacromolecules
12:4373–4385
178. Luo S, Cheng R, Meng F, Park TG, Zhong Z (2011) Water soluble poly(histamine acrylamide) with superior buffer capacity mediates efficient and nontoxic in vitro gene transfection.
J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 49:3366–3373
179. Sun H, Gao C (2010) Facile synthesis of multiamino vinyl poly(amino acid)s for promising
bioapplications. Biomacromolecules 11:3609–3616
180. Wolfert MA, Dash PR, Nazarova O, Oupicky D, Seymour LW, Smart S, Strohalm J, Ulbrich
K (1999) Polyelectrolyte vectors for gene delivery: influence of cationic polymer on biophysical properties of complexes formed with DNA. Bioconjug Chem 10:993–1004
181. Venkataraman S, Ong WL, Ong ZY, Loo SCJ, Ee PLR, Yang YY (2011) The role of PEG
architecture and molecular weight in the gene transfection performance of PEGylated poly
(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) based cationic polymers. Biomaterials 32:2369–2378
182. Rungsardthong U, Deshpande M, Bailey L, Vamvakaki M, Armes SP, Garnett MC, Stolnik S
(2001) Copolymers of amine methacrylate with poly(ethylene glycol) as vectors for gene
therapy. J Control Release 73:359–380
Polyelectrolyte Complexes of DNA and Polycations as Gene Delivery Vectors
191
Urtti A, Schacht E (2003) Poly-L-glutamic acid derivatives as multifunctional vectors for
gene delivery. Part B. Biological evaluation. Biomacromolecules 4:1177–1183
164. Pack DW, Putnam D, Langer R (2000) Design of imidazole-containing endosomolytic
biopolymers for gene delivery. Biotechnol Bioeng 67:217–223
165. Ramsay E, Hadgraft J, Birchall J, Gumbleton M (2000) Examination of the biophysical
interaction between plasmid DNA and the polycations, polylysine and polyornithine, as a
basis for their differential gene transfection in-vitro. Int J Pharm 210:97–107
166. Blauer G, Alfassi ZB (1967) A comparison between poly-α, L-ornithine and poly-α, L-lysine
in solution: the effect of a CH 2 group on the side-chain on the conformation of the
poly-α-amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 133:206–218
167. Morgan DML, Larvin VL, Pearson JD (1989) Biochemical characterisation of polycationinduced cytotoxity to human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 94:553–559
168. Reich Z, Ittah Y, Weinberger S, Minsky A (1990) Chiral and structural discrimination in
binding of polypeptides with condensed nucleic acid structures. J Biol Chem 265:5590–5594
169. Mann A, Khan MA, Shukla V, Ganguli M (2007) Atomic force microscopy reveals the
assembly of potential DNA “nanocarriers” by poly-L-ornithine. Biophys Chem 129:126–136
170. Lim Y-B, Kim C-H, Kim K, Kim SW, Park J-S (2000) Development of a safe gene delivery
system using biodegradable polymer, poly[α-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid]. J Am Chem
Soc 122:6524–6525
171. Putnam D, Langer R (1999) Poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline ester): low-temperature polycondensation and plasmid DNA complexation. Macromolecules 32:3658–3662
172. Simon RJ, Kania RS, Zuckermann RN, Huebner VD, Jewell DA, Banville S, Ng S, Wang L,
Rosenberg S, Marlowe CK, Spellmeyer DC, Tan R, Frankel AD, Santi DV, Cohen FE,
Bartlett PA (1992) Peptoids: a modular approach to drug discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
89:9367–9371
173. Fowler SA, Blackwell HE (2009) Structure-function relationships in peptoids: recent
advances toward deciphering the structural requirements for biological function. Org Biomol
Chem 7:1508–1524
174. Zuckermann RN, Kodadek T (2009) Peptoids as potential therapeutics. Curr Opin Mol Ther
11:299–307
175. Murphy JE, Uno T, Hamer JD, Cohen FE, Dwarki V, Zuckermann RN (1998) A combinatorial approach to the discovery of efficient cationic peptoid reagents for gene delivery. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 95:1517–1522
176. Lobo BA, Vetro JA, Suich DM, Zuckermann RN, Middaugh CR (2003) Structure/function
analysis of peptoid/lipitoid: DNA complexes. J Pharm Sci 92:1905–1918
177. Ji W, Panus D, Palumbo RN, Tang R, Wang C (2011) Poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) with
well-defined chain length for DNA vaccine delivery to dendritic cells. Biomacromolecules
12:4373–4385
178. Luo S, Cheng R, Meng F, Park TG, Zhong Z (2011) Water soluble poly(histamine acrylamide) with superior buffer capacity mediates efficient and nontoxic in vitro gene transfection.
J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 49:3366–3373
179. Sun H, Gao C (2010) Facile synthesis of multiamino vinyl poly(amino acid)s for promising
bioapplications. Biomacromolecules 11:3609–3616
180. Wolfert MA, Dash PR, Nazarova O, Oupicky D, Seymour LW, Smart S, Strohalm J, Ulbrich
K (1999) Polyelectrolyte vectors for gene delivery: influence of cationic polymer on biophysical properties of complexes formed with DNA. Bioconjug Chem 10:993–1004
181. Venkataraman S, Ong WL, Ong ZY, Loo SCJ, Ee PLR, Yang YY (2011) The role of PEG
architecture and molecular weight in the gene transfection performance of PEGylated poly
(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) based cationic polymers. Biomaterials 32:2369–2378
182. Rungsardthong U, Deshpande M, Bailey L, Vamvakaki M, Armes SP, Garnett MC, Stolnik S
(2001) Copolymers of amine methacrylate with poly(ethylene glycol) as vectors for gene
therapy. J Control Release 73:359–380
Polyelectrolyte Complexes of DNA and Polycations as Gene Delivery Vectors
191