freeze-thaw cycling, 288–290
molecular weight, 286–287
solution concentration, 287–288
solvent, 288
thermal cycling process, 285–286
tissue hybrid, 311–314
CCG decrease, 71, 73
DSC thermogram, 176
features of, 22
formation mechanism
cryotropic gelation, 185–186
nascent gels, 188
scattering cross-section, 186–187
fractions of crystalline PVA, 177–178
freeze–thaw process, 175
history of, 23
liquid-phase de-mixing, 88–89
microstructural features of, 35
porous structure of, 85
single-temperature and two-temperature
freezing procedure, 85, 86
structure
bi-continuous structure, 182–183
CLSM images, 179, 181
porous structure, 179–180
SANS data, 180, 182
thawing stage, of frozen system
pore space of, 64
shear modulus/fusion temperature of,
61, 62
supramolecular 3D physical network of,
62
total porosity of, 63, 64
tissue hybrid
definition, 312
endothelization, 313, 315
fibronectin, 312
PAA-g/c-PVA cryogel synthesis, 313,
314
radial artery cells, 312–313
water–PVA–gum arabic feeds, 88
wide-pore PVA cryogels, porous
morphology of, 91, 92
without and with salt additives,
morphometric analysis, 88–91
X-ray powder diffraction profiles, 176–177
Polyelectrolyte solutions, 5
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel formation,
phase separation, 107
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels
additional solvents influence
crystallization, 183–184
liquid–liquid phase separation, 184
polymer-rich regions, 184
crystal structure of, 172–173
physical hydrogels, 174–175
PVA cryogels (see Poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVA) cryogels)
SANS data kinetic analysis
Avrami plot, 191
PVA/D 2 O solutions, 189–190
Poly( N,N-diethylacrylamide) hydrogel,
thermally induced collapse of,
86–87
Polymeric cryogels
carbon cryogels, 4
cryogelation reaction components, 8–15
description of, 2
jelly-like medical liniments, 3
preparation
freeze–thaw aging, of colloid sols, 4,
6–7
high molecular weight precursors,
covalent crosslinking of, 5, 8, 16, 22
ionic (ionotropic) cryogels, 36–37
macromolecular precursors, 16–21
monomeric precursor solutions, 4–5,
7–8
noncovalent (physical) cryogels, 22–36
polyelectrolyte solutions, 5
self-gelling polymer solutions, 5
proteinaceous water-swollen coagulates, 3
published items and citations, 2, 3
Polymeric gels
free-radical crosslinking copolymerization,
105
with macroporous structure, 106, 107
Polymeric precursor solutions, freeze–thaw
treatment on, 71, 72
Polymer solution, phase diagrams of, 168, 169
Porogen leaching technique, 141
Positive and negative temperature, definition
of, 51–52
Proteinaceous water-swollen coagulates, 3
Proteins separation, 266–267
environmental pollutants, 267–268
high through-put screening, 267
R
Rapid freezing procedure, 57
Reaction-induced phase separation, 107
328
Index
molecular weight, 286–287
solution concentration, 287–288
solvent, 288
thermal cycling process, 285–286
tissue hybrid, 311–314
CCG decrease, 71, 73
DSC thermogram, 176
features of, 22
formation mechanism
cryotropic gelation, 185–186
nascent gels, 188
scattering cross-section, 186–187
fractions of crystalline PVA, 177–178
freeze–thaw process, 175
history of, 23
liquid-phase de-mixing, 88–89
microstructural features of, 35
porous structure of, 85
single-temperature and two-temperature
freezing procedure, 85, 86
structure
bi-continuous structure, 182–183
CLSM images, 179, 181
porous structure, 179–180
SANS data, 180, 182
thawing stage, of frozen system
pore space of, 64
shear modulus/fusion temperature of,
61, 62
supramolecular 3D physical network of,
62
total porosity of, 63, 64
tissue hybrid
definition, 312
endothelization, 313, 315
fibronectin, 312
PAA-g/c-PVA cryogel synthesis, 313,
314
radial artery cells, 312–313
water–PVA–gum arabic feeds, 88
wide-pore PVA cryogels, porous
morphology of, 91, 92
without and with salt additives,
morphometric analysis, 88–91
X-ray powder diffraction profiles, 176–177
Polyelectrolyte solutions, 5
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel formation,
phase separation, 107
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels
additional solvents influence
crystallization, 183–184
liquid–liquid phase separation, 184
polymer-rich regions, 184
crystal structure of, 172–173
physical hydrogels, 174–175
PVA cryogels (see Poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVA) cryogels)
SANS data kinetic analysis
Avrami plot, 191
PVA/D 2 O solutions, 189–190
Poly( N,N-diethylacrylamide) hydrogel,
thermally induced collapse of,
86–87
Polymeric cryogels
carbon cryogels, 4
cryogelation reaction components, 8–15
description of, 2
jelly-like medical liniments, 3
preparation
freeze–thaw aging, of colloid sols, 4,
6–7
high molecular weight precursors,
covalent crosslinking of, 5, 8, 16, 22
ionic (ionotropic) cryogels, 36–37
macromolecular precursors, 16–21
monomeric precursor solutions, 4–5,
7–8
noncovalent (physical) cryogels, 22–36
polyelectrolyte solutions, 5
self-gelling polymer solutions, 5
proteinaceous water-swollen coagulates, 3
published items and citations, 2, 3
Polymeric gels
free-radical crosslinking copolymerization,
105
with macroporous structure, 106, 107
Polymeric precursor solutions, freeze–thaw
treatment on, 71, 72
Polymer solution, phase diagrams of, 168, 169
Porogen leaching technique, 141
Positive and negative temperature, definition
of, 51–52
Proteinaceous water-swollen coagulates, 3
Proteins separation, 266–267
environmental pollutants, 267–268
high through-put screening, 267
R
Rapid freezing procedure, 57
Reaction-induced phase separation, 107
328
Index