M
Macromolecular precursors, for covalent
cryogel preparation, 16–21
Magnetic nanoparticles, separtion of, 231–232
Metal oxide cryogels
cryogel-derived bulk materials, 232–234
cryogenic polymer-gel synthesis, 225–227
particle isolation, 230–232
precipitated and co-precipitated cryogels,
227–230
Microfluidic foaming technique, 94
MIPs. See Molecularly imprinted polymers
(MIPs)
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)
composite components, 270
endocrine disruptors
adsorption and oxidation, 272
β-galactosidase activity, 273, 274
fluidization, 273
heavy metal ions, 271
HSA binding, 271
nanoparticles, 270
pharmaceuticals and pesticides, 274
print molecule, 269
Monomeric precursor solutions, for cryogel
preparation, 4–5, 7–8
N
Nanocomposites cryogel fabrication, UV
irradiation technique, 215–217
Noncovalent (physical) cryogels, 22–36
Nonfrozen liquid microphase. See Unfrozen
liquid microphase (UFLMP)
O
Oil spill cleanup procedures, 147
Orthopedic devices, 306
Ostwald stage rule, 166–185
Oven-drying, TiO 2 hollow spheres, 229, 230
P
Pechini method, 225, 226
Phase separations
in poly(vinyl alcohol), 168–171, 286
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel
formation, 107
Photoinitiator
HEC cryogels preparation, 205–206
PEO photochemical crosslinking, 202
Physical crosslinking, 285
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
chemical gels, 163
circumstantial metastability, 167
classical metastability, 166–167
freeze–thaw PVA hydrogels, 161
hydrogel (see Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
hydrogels)
Ostwald stage rule, 166
phase separation role, 168–171
physical gels
LL phase separation, 165
percolation, in two-dimensional
network, 165, 166
sol–gel transitions, 164
polymer gels, 162–163
sol-gel transitions
metastable state, 166–167
Ostwald stage rule, 166
percolation framework, 165–166
thermoreversible, 163
Polycondensation-type cryogel, 8
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) cryogels
deswelling–reswelling kinetics of, 143, 144
dissociation degree α, 144–145
gel diameter and pH variations, 145, 147
pH of reaction solution, 144–146
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels
biomedical applications
cardiovascular devices, 309–311
cartilage, 307–309
intervertebral discs, 306–307
orthopedic devices, 306
bovine serum albumin
rate of, 300
release profiles, 298–299
Serp-1, 301
thawing rate effect, 299
composite cryogels
bacterial cellulose, 302–304
chitosan, 304–306
mechanical properties
compressive, 293–295
gelation mechanism, 290–291
micro-/nanodimension characterization,
291, 292
poro-viscoelastic mechanical property,
291
stress relaxation and creep, 295–296
tensile, 296–298
physical crosslinking, 285
PVA-C preparation
crystallization and phase separation,
286
Index
327
Macromolecular precursors, for covalent
cryogel preparation, 16–21
Magnetic nanoparticles, separtion of, 231–232
Metal oxide cryogels
cryogel-derived bulk materials, 232–234
cryogenic polymer-gel synthesis, 225–227
particle isolation, 230–232
precipitated and co-precipitated cryogels,
227–230
Microfluidic foaming technique, 94
MIPs. See Molecularly imprinted polymers
(MIPs)
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)
composite components, 270
endocrine disruptors
adsorption and oxidation, 272
β-galactosidase activity, 273, 274
fluidization, 273
heavy metal ions, 271
HSA binding, 271
nanoparticles, 270
pharmaceuticals and pesticides, 274
print molecule, 269
Monomeric precursor solutions, for cryogel
preparation, 4–5, 7–8
N
Nanocomposites cryogel fabrication, UV
irradiation technique, 215–217
Noncovalent (physical) cryogels, 22–36
Nonfrozen liquid microphase. See Unfrozen
liquid microphase (UFLMP)
O
Oil spill cleanup procedures, 147
Orthopedic devices, 306
Ostwald stage rule, 166–185
Oven-drying, TiO 2 hollow spheres, 229, 230
P
Pechini method, 225, 226
Phase separations
in poly(vinyl alcohol), 168–171, 286
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel
formation, 107
Photoinitiator
HEC cryogels preparation, 205–206
PEO photochemical crosslinking, 202
Physical crosslinking, 285
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
chemical gels, 163
circumstantial metastability, 167
classical metastability, 166–167
freeze–thaw PVA hydrogels, 161
hydrogel (see Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
hydrogels)
Ostwald stage rule, 166
phase separation role, 168–171
physical gels
LL phase separation, 165
percolation, in two-dimensional
network, 165, 166
sol–gel transitions, 164
polymer gels, 162–163
sol-gel transitions
metastable state, 166–167
Ostwald stage rule, 166
percolation framework, 165–166
thermoreversible, 163
Polycondensation-type cryogel, 8
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) cryogels
deswelling–reswelling kinetics of, 143, 144
dissociation degree α, 144–145
gel diameter and pH variations, 145, 147
pH of reaction solution, 144–146
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels
biomedical applications
cardiovascular devices, 309–311
cartilage, 307–309
intervertebral discs, 306–307
orthopedic devices, 306
bovine serum albumin
rate of, 300
release profiles, 298–299
Serp-1, 301
thawing rate effect, 299
composite cryogels
bacterial cellulose, 302–304
chitosan, 304–306
mechanical properties
compressive, 293–295
gelation mechanism, 290–291
micro-/nanodimension characterization,
291, 292
poro-viscoelastic mechanical property,
291
stress relaxation and creep, 295–296
tensile, 296–298
physical crosslinking, 285
PVA-C preparation
crystallization and phase separation,
286
Index
327