2.9 Viability of Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Using Aerobic Hybrid Bioreactor
35
strength, municipal wastewater main problem for treatment is the sustaining biomass
in the reactor. Presently, adequate biomass is maintained through extended aeration
and with high recirculation ratio thereby increasing the pumping cost of the treatment. For the low strength, municipal wastewater which is highly biodegradable the
suspended biomass is subjected to wash out. Thus, the concept of attached biomass
into the suspended-growth system can be reasonably thought for ensuring sufficient
biomass in the reactor. The footprint area of the proposed hybrid bioreactor is small
compared to the conventional reactor thereby making the economy of the treatment
system.
2.10 Validation of Various Models of Hybrid Bioreactor
The mathematical models of the fixed-bed aerobic hybrid bioreactor have already
been applied with different sets of input data time to time. The main objective of such
application was to demonstrate the mode of operation of respective model. The input
data set was chosen as per compatibility of the model under consideration. Indeed,
all the models of fixed-bed hybrid bioreactor are not capable to derive all the desired
output parameters. A brief summary on application of various aerobic fixed-bed
hybrid bioreactor models is already highlighted in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 depicts that the
substrate flux (J) could be obtained in two cases, i.e., using the methods prepared by
Lee [79] and Fouad and Bhargava [13]. Although the effluent substrate concentration
was estimated by all the methods, none of them could determine the effective biofilm
thickness. On the other hand, the total biofilm thickness was evaluated by three
methods only. This is also to observe that when the HRT (θ ) and the SRT (θ c ) are
reduced to 50% in case of the method developed by Fouad and Bhargava [13], the
effluent substrate concentration (S w ) remains same with respect to the same by Lee
[79].
Most of the mathematical models on hybrid bioreactor were firstly illustrated using
one or more sets of available data earlier research studies for the purpose of analytical validation. Glimpses of such analytical validation are already presented in Table
2.1 earlier. At the same time, the concerned researchers carried out laboratory-scale
study on the respective hybrid bioreactor developed by them. Thus, they compared
the experimental observations in respect of relevant parameters with those available from the respective model. A comparison of output parameters, viz. S w , J,
L e and L f , derived from various models and concerned experimental observations is
presented in Table 2.3. It clearly shows that the experimental results are satisfactorily
corroborating the respective model outputs.
35
strength, municipal wastewater main problem for treatment is the sustaining biomass
in the reactor. Presently, adequate biomass is maintained through extended aeration
and with high recirculation ratio thereby increasing the pumping cost of the treatment. For the low strength, municipal wastewater which is highly biodegradable the
suspended biomass is subjected to wash out. Thus, the concept of attached biomass
into the suspended-growth system can be reasonably thought for ensuring sufficient
biomass in the reactor. The footprint area of the proposed hybrid bioreactor is small
compared to the conventional reactor thereby making the economy of the treatment
system.
2.10 Validation of Various Models of Hybrid Bioreactor
The mathematical models of the fixed-bed aerobic hybrid bioreactor have already
been applied with different sets of input data time to time. The main objective of such
application was to demonstrate the mode of operation of respective model. The input
data set was chosen as per compatibility of the model under consideration. Indeed,
all the models of fixed-bed hybrid bioreactor are not capable to derive all the desired
output parameters. A brief summary on application of various aerobic fixed-bed
hybrid bioreactor models is already highlighted in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 depicts that the
substrate flux (J) could be obtained in two cases, i.e., using the methods prepared by
Lee [79] and Fouad and Bhargava [13]. Although the effluent substrate concentration
was estimated by all the methods, none of them could determine the effective biofilm
thickness. On the other hand, the total biofilm thickness was evaluated by three
methods only. This is also to observe that when the HRT (θ ) and the SRT (θ c ) are
reduced to 50% in case of the method developed by Fouad and Bhargava [13], the
effluent substrate concentration (S w ) remains same with respect to the same by Lee
[79].
Most of the mathematical models on hybrid bioreactor were firstly illustrated using
one or more sets of available data earlier research studies for the purpose of analytical validation. Glimpses of such analytical validation are already presented in Table
2.1 earlier. At the same time, the concerned researchers carried out laboratory-scale
study on the respective hybrid bioreactor developed by them. Thus, they compared
the experimental observations in respect of relevant parameters with those available from the respective model. A comparison of output parameters, viz. S w , J,
L e and L f , derived from various models and concerned experimental observations is
presented in Table 2.3. It clearly shows that the experimental results are satisfactorily
corroborating the respective model outputs.