Effect of Metabolic Risk Factors, Gene Polymorphisms …
149
who have increased CRP are more prone to T2DM risk. We have also found similar
results in our study.
The above genotyping results of IRS-1, IRS-2 and CRP genes suggest that mothers
with FHD tend to cause the progression of diseased alleles to the next generation:
(i) for IRS-1 gene via GA genotypes, (ii) for IRS-2 gene via GD genotypes, and (iii)
for CRP gene via GC genotypes, increasing their risk toward T2DM.
4 Conclusion
This study suggests that patients carrying A allele (IRS-1), D allele (IRS-2) and G
allele (CRP) may contribute to GD and eventually to T2DM. The etiology of GD
involves a complex interplay of multiple genes, and environmental and immunologic
factors. Although no single theory can explain all cases, it seems that IRS-1 and IRS2 gene polymorphisms might be associated with increased risk of GD and eventually
T2DM, whereas the thrifty genotype hypothesis explains parental G allele to be
recognized as diseased allele for CRP mutation. In conclusion, having observed that
family history of diabetes (FHD) is indeed an important and independent risk factor
for genomic studies of complex diseases like T2DM, efforts should be made toward
translating this knowledge for use in public health programmers designed to detect
and prevent diabetes.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
(a) Statement of human rights: The study was approved by “Institutional Ethics
committee” of Heritage Institute of Technology. All procedures performed in
studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Ethical Guidelines
for Biomedical Research on Human Participants, issued by Indian Council of
Medical Research 2006) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later
amendments or comparable ethical standards.
(b) Statement on the welfare of animals: This chapter does not contain any studies
with animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants
included in the study.
149
who have increased CRP are more prone to T2DM risk. We have also found similar
results in our study.
The above genotyping results of IRS-1, IRS-2 and CRP genes suggest that mothers
with FHD tend to cause the progression of diseased alleles to the next generation:
(i) for IRS-1 gene via GA genotypes, (ii) for IRS-2 gene via GD genotypes, and (iii)
for CRP gene via GC genotypes, increasing their risk toward T2DM.
4 Conclusion
This study suggests that patients carrying A allele (IRS-1), D allele (IRS-2) and G
allele (CRP) may contribute to GD and eventually to T2DM. The etiology of GD
involves a complex interplay of multiple genes, and environmental and immunologic
factors. Although no single theory can explain all cases, it seems that IRS-1 and IRS2 gene polymorphisms might be associated with increased risk of GD and eventually
T2DM, whereas the thrifty genotype hypothesis explains parental G allele to be
recognized as diseased allele for CRP mutation. In conclusion, having observed that
family history of diabetes (FHD) is indeed an important and independent risk factor
for genomic studies of complex diseases like T2DM, efforts should be made toward
translating this knowledge for use in public health programmers designed to detect
and prevent diabetes.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
(a) Statement of human rights: The study was approved by “Institutional Ethics
committee” of Heritage Institute of Technology. All procedures performed in
studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Ethical Guidelines
for Biomedical Research on Human Participants, issued by Indian Council of
Medical Research 2006) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later
amendments or comparable ethical standards.
(b) Statement on the welfare of animals: This chapter does not contain any studies
with animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants
included in the study.