k at (d
-1
)
Cell attachment constant
k det (d
-1
)
Cell detachment constant
K Amn (mmol/L)
Inhibition constant of ammonium
K Glc (mmol/L)
Monod constant of glucose
K Lac (mmol/L)
Inhibition constant of lactate
Lac (mmol/L)
Lactate concentration
N (rpm)
Impeller speed
N s1u (rpm)
Lower limit of N s1 suspension criterion
N s1 (rpm)
1s or just suspended criterion (¼Njs)
PDL
Population doubling level
P/V (W/m
3 )
Specific (volumetric) power input
p Amn (mmol/cell/d)
Specific ammonium production rate (growth-independent)
p Lac (mmol/cell/d)
Specific lactate production rate (growth-independent)
q Amn (mmol/cell/d)
Specific ammonium production rate (growth-dependent)
q Glc (mmol/cell/d)
Specific glucose consumption rate
q Lac (mmol/cell/d)
Specific lactate production rate (growth-dependent)
Re
Reynolds number
r/R
Dimensionless radial coordinates
t c (s)
Contact time
t cir (s)
Particle circulation times
t d (d)
Doubling time of cell population
t l (d)
Lag or cell adaption time
t res (s)
Particle residence time
u tip (m/s)
Impeller tip speed
u
! (m/s)
Velocity vector in x-direction
V min (mL)
Minimal working volume
V max (mL)
Maximum working volume
v
! (m/s)
Velocity vector in y-direction
w
! (m/s)
Velocity vector in z-direction
X A (cells/cm
2 )
Cell concentration on surface
X max (cells/cm
2 )
Maximum cell concentration on surface
X Sus (cells/mL)
Cell concentration in suspension
X V (cells/cm
2 )
Cell concentration of viable cells (X Sus + X A )
Y Lac/Glc (mmol/mmol) Lactate yield per glucose equivalent
Y X/O2 (1/mmol)
Yield coefficient/cells per mmol oxygen
Greek Symbols
α
Cell adaption phase coefficient
α MC
MC volume fraction
δ Glc
Step response in glucose balance to avoid negative glucose values
(δ Glc ¼ 0 or 1)
η L (Pa s)
Dynamic viscosity of the liquid
188
V. Jossen et al.
-1
)
Cell attachment constant
k det (d
-1
)
Cell detachment constant
K Amn (mmol/L)
Inhibition constant of ammonium
K Glc (mmol/L)
Monod constant of glucose
K Lac (mmol/L)
Inhibition constant of lactate
Lac (mmol/L)
Lactate concentration
N (rpm)
Impeller speed
N s1u (rpm)
Lower limit of N s1 suspension criterion
N s1 (rpm)
1s or just suspended criterion (¼Njs)
PDL
Population doubling level
P/V (W/m
3 )
Specific (volumetric) power input
p Amn (mmol/cell/d)
Specific ammonium production rate (growth-independent)
p Lac (mmol/cell/d)
Specific lactate production rate (growth-independent)
q Amn (mmol/cell/d)
Specific ammonium production rate (growth-dependent)
q Glc (mmol/cell/d)
Specific glucose consumption rate
q Lac (mmol/cell/d)
Specific lactate production rate (growth-dependent)
Re
Reynolds number
r/R
Dimensionless radial coordinates
t c (s)
Contact time
t cir (s)
Particle circulation times
t d (d)
Doubling time of cell population
t l (d)
Lag or cell adaption time
t res (s)
Particle residence time
u tip (m/s)
Impeller tip speed
u
! (m/s)
Velocity vector in x-direction
V min (mL)
Minimal working volume
V max (mL)
Maximum working volume
v
! (m/s)
Velocity vector in y-direction
w
! (m/s)
Velocity vector in z-direction
X A (cells/cm
2 )
Cell concentration on surface
X max (cells/cm
2 )
Maximum cell concentration on surface
X Sus (cells/mL)
Cell concentration in suspension
X V (cells/cm
2 )
Cell concentration of viable cells (X Sus + X A )
Y Lac/Glc (mmol/mmol) Lactate yield per glucose equivalent
Y X/O2 (1/mmol)
Yield coefficient/cells per mmol oxygen
Greek Symbols
α
Cell adaption phase coefficient
α MC
MC volume fraction
δ Glc
Step response in glucose balance to avoid negative glucose values
(δ Glc ¼ 0 or 1)
η L (Pa s)
Dynamic viscosity of the liquid
188
V. Jossen et al.