2.3.4 Minerals and Vitamins
Canola seed/meal is a rich source of minerals particularly calcium, phosphorus,
potassium, iron, zinc, and selenium (Assadi et al. 2011; Shahidi 1990; Beyzi et al.
2019). Reports have suggested that canola meal contained comparatively higher
amount of essential minerals (calcium and phosphorus) than that of soybean meal
(Wickramasuriya et al. 2015; Summers and Leeson 1985). Though a major proportion of phosphorus is present in the form of phytates in canola meal, which is not
bioavailable in monogastric animals; nonetheless, it is a quality source of Ca and P
compared to soybean meal (Wickramasuriya et al. 2015). A comparison of minerals
content of canola meal with soybean meal is shown in Table 2.4.
In terms of vitamin content, canola meal has higher proportions of all the vitamins
except pantothenic acid when compared with soybean meal (Wickramasuriya et al.
2015). As canola meal is used as animal feed, little information is available on the
vitamin content of canola meal. The content of various vitamins is shown in
Table 2.5.
2.3.5 Phytonutrients and Other Minor Components
In crude vegetable oil, several nutritionally important components such as tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, ubiquinones (coenzyme Q), squalene, polyphenols,
and phospholipids are found at lower concentrations, which make the part of
unsaponifiable matter. As compared to other regular vegetable oils, canola oil has
higher amount of brassicasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol. The range of different
Table 2.4 Mineral composition of canola meal
Mineral
Canola meal
Soybean meal
Shahidi (1990) Canola Council of Canada (2015) Shahidi (1990)
Calcium (g/100 g)
0.63
0.65
0.30
Phosphorus (g/100 g)
1.02
0.99
0.63
Sodium (g/100 g)
NR
0.07
NR
Chlorine (g/100 g)
NR
0.10
NR
Potassium (g/100 g)
1.21
1.13
1.97
Sulfur (g/100 g)
0.85
0.63
0.43
Magnesium (g/100 g)
0.51
0.54
0.27
Copper (mg/kg)
5.70
4.70
23.00
Iron (mg/kg)
141.00
162.00
119.00
Manganese (mg/kg)
49.20
58.00
29.00
Molybdenum (mg/kg) 1.30
1.40
–
Zinc (mg/kg)
68.20
47.00
43.00
Selenium (mg/kg)
1.10
1.10
0.30
NR not reported
54
A. Goyal et al.
Canola seed/meal is a rich source of minerals particularly calcium, phosphorus,
potassium, iron, zinc, and selenium (Assadi et al. 2011; Shahidi 1990; Beyzi et al.
2019). Reports have suggested that canola meal contained comparatively higher
amount of essential minerals (calcium and phosphorus) than that of soybean meal
(Wickramasuriya et al. 2015; Summers and Leeson 1985). Though a major proportion of phosphorus is present in the form of phytates in canola meal, which is not
bioavailable in monogastric animals; nonetheless, it is a quality source of Ca and P
compared to soybean meal (Wickramasuriya et al. 2015). A comparison of minerals
content of canola meal with soybean meal is shown in Table 2.4.
In terms of vitamin content, canola meal has higher proportions of all the vitamins
except pantothenic acid when compared with soybean meal (Wickramasuriya et al.
2015). As canola meal is used as animal feed, little information is available on the
vitamin content of canola meal. The content of various vitamins is shown in
Table 2.5.
2.3.5 Phytonutrients and Other Minor Components
In crude vegetable oil, several nutritionally important components such as tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, ubiquinones (coenzyme Q), squalene, polyphenols,
and phospholipids are found at lower concentrations, which make the part of
unsaponifiable matter. As compared to other regular vegetable oils, canola oil has
higher amount of brassicasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol. The range of different
Table 2.4 Mineral composition of canola meal
Mineral
Canola meal
Soybean meal
Shahidi (1990) Canola Council of Canada (2015) Shahidi (1990)
Calcium (g/100 g)
0.63
0.65
0.30
Phosphorus (g/100 g)
1.02
0.99
0.63
Sodium (g/100 g)
NR
0.07
NR
Chlorine (g/100 g)
NR
0.10
NR
Potassium (g/100 g)
1.21
1.13
1.97
Sulfur (g/100 g)
0.85
0.63
0.43
Magnesium (g/100 g)
0.51
0.54
0.27
Copper (mg/kg)
5.70
4.70
23.00
Iron (mg/kg)
141.00
162.00
119.00
Manganese (mg/kg)
49.20
58.00
29.00
Molybdenum (mg/kg) 1.30
1.40
–
Zinc (mg/kg)
68.20
47.00
43.00
Selenium (mg/kg)
1.10
1.10
0.30
NR not reported
54
A. Goyal et al.