Paramesha M, Ramesh CK, Krishna V, Kumar YSR, Parvathi KM (2011) Hepatoprotective and
in vitro antioxidant effect of Carthamus tinctorious L, var Annigeri-2-, an oil-yielding crop,
against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 7(28):289
Park JB (2008) Serotomide and safflomide modulate forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation via
5-HT1 receptor. Phytomedicine 15(12):1093–1098
Pearl SA, Burke JM (2014) Genetic diversity in Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae; safflower), an
underutilized oilseed crop. Am J Bot 101(10):1640–1650
Popov A, Li I, Kang D-I (2009) Analgesic properties of “CF” extracted from safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L.) seeds and potential for its use in medicine. Pharm Chem J 43(1):41–44
Rahimi P, Asgary S, Kabiri N (2014) Hepatoprotective and Hypolipidemic effects of Carthamus
tinctorius oil in Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats. J HerbMed Pharmacol 3(2)
Rashed MM, Shallan M, Mohamed DA, Fouda K, Hanna LM (2014) Biological evaluation of antiandrogenic effect of some plant foods. J Food Nutr Res 2(9):645–651
Reece EA, Wu Y-K, Wiznitzer A, Homko C, Yao J, Borenstein M, Sloskey G (1996) Dietary
polyunsaturated fatty acid prevents malformations in offspring of diabetic rats. Am J Obstet
Gynecol 175(4):818–823
Robertson J, Chapman G, Wilson R (1978) Relation of days after flowering to chemical composition and physiological maturity of sunflower seed. J Am Oil Chem Soc 55(2):266–269
Roh JS, Han JY, Kim JH, Hwang JK (2004) Inhibitory effects of active compounds isolated from
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds for melanogenesis. Biol Pharm Bull 27
(12):1976–1978
Seo H, Kim J, Kwak D, Jeon S, Ku S, Lee J, Moon K, Choi M (2000) The effects of safflower seed
powder and its fraction on bone tissue in rib-fractured rats during the recovery. Kor J Nutr 33
(4):411–420
Shahidi F (2000) Antioxidants in food and food antioxidants. Mol Nutr Food Res 44(3):158–163
Shimomura Y, Tamura T, Suzuki M (1990) Less body fat accumulation in rats fed a safflower oil
diet than in rats fed a beef tallow diet. J Nutr 120:1291–1296
Shirwaikar A, Khan S, Kamariya YH, Patel BD, Gajera FP (2010) Medicinal plants for the
management of post menopausal osteoporosis: a review. Open Bone J 2:1–13
Singh R, Abidi A (2005) Protein enriched biscuits from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cake.
Bev Food World 32:46. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420005363.ch6
Singh V, Nimbkar N (2006) Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Oil Seed Crops 6:167–194
Son H-J, Kang J-H, Song KB (2017) Antimicrobial activity of safflower seed meal extract and its
application as an antimicrobial agent for the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated
on fresh lettuce. LWT Food Sci Technol 85:52–57
Takahashi T, Miyazawa M (2012) Potent α-Glucosidase inhibitors from safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L.) seed. Phytother Res 26(5):722–726
Takeuchi H, Matsuo T, Tokuyama K, Shimomura Y, Suzuki M (1995) Diet-induced thermogenesis
is lower in rats fed a lard diet than in those fed a high oleic acid safflower oil diet, a safflower oil
diet or a linseed oil diet. J Nutr 125(4):920
Takii T, Hayashi M, Hiroma H, Chiba T, Kawashima S, Zhang HL, Nagatsu A, Sakakibara J,
Onozaki K (1999) Serotonin derivative, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, isolated from safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil cake augments the proliferation of normal human and mouse
fibroblasts in synergy with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or epidermal growth factor
(EGF). J Biochem 125(5):910–915
Takii T, Kawashima S, Chiba T, Hayashi H, Hayashi M, Hiroma H, Kimura H, Inukai Y, Shibata Y,
Nagatsu A (2003) Multiple mechanisms involved in the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine
production from human monocytes by N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin and its derivatives. Int
Immunopharmacol 3(2):273–277
Takimoto T, Suzuki K, Arisaka H, Murata T, Ozaki H, Koyama N (2011) Effect of
N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin and N-feruloylserotonin, major anti-atherogenic polyphenols in
safflower seed, on vasodilation, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Mol Nutr Food Res 55(10):1561–1571
452
M. Nazir et al.
in vitro antioxidant effect of Carthamus tinctorious L, var Annigeri-2-, an oil-yielding crop,
against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 7(28):289
Park JB (2008) Serotomide and safflomide modulate forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation via
5-HT1 receptor. Phytomedicine 15(12):1093–1098
Pearl SA, Burke JM (2014) Genetic diversity in Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae; safflower), an
underutilized oilseed crop. Am J Bot 101(10):1640–1650
Popov A, Li I, Kang D-I (2009) Analgesic properties of “CF” extracted from safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L.) seeds and potential for its use in medicine. Pharm Chem J 43(1):41–44
Rahimi P, Asgary S, Kabiri N (2014) Hepatoprotective and Hypolipidemic effects of Carthamus
tinctorius oil in Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats. J HerbMed Pharmacol 3(2)
Rashed MM, Shallan M, Mohamed DA, Fouda K, Hanna LM (2014) Biological evaluation of antiandrogenic effect of some plant foods. J Food Nutr Res 2(9):645–651
Reece EA, Wu Y-K, Wiznitzer A, Homko C, Yao J, Borenstein M, Sloskey G (1996) Dietary
polyunsaturated fatty acid prevents malformations in offspring of diabetic rats. Am J Obstet
Gynecol 175(4):818–823
Robertson J, Chapman G, Wilson R (1978) Relation of days after flowering to chemical composition and physiological maturity of sunflower seed. J Am Oil Chem Soc 55(2):266–269
Roh JS, Han JY, Kim JH, Hwang JK (2004) Inhibitory effects of active compounds isolated from
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds for melanogenesis. Biol Pharm Bull 27
(12):1976–1978
Seo H, Kim J, Kwak D, Jeon S, Ku S, Lee J, Moon K, Choi M (2000) The effects of safflower seed
powder and its fraction on bone tissue in rib-fractured rats during the recovery. Kor J Nutr 33
(4):411–420
Shahidi F (2000) Antioxidants in food and food antioxidants. Mol Nutr Food Res 44(3):158–163
Shimomura Y, Tamura T, Suzuki M (1990) Less body fat accumulation in rats fed a safflower oil
diet than in rats fed a beef tallow diet. J Nutr 120:1291–1296
Shirwaikar A, Khan S, Kamariya YH, Patel BD, Gajera FP (2010) Medicinal plants for the
management of post menopausal osteoporosis: a review. Open Bone J 2:1–13
Singh R, Abidi A (2005) Protein enriched biscuits from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cake.
Bev Food World 32:46. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420005363.ch6
Singh V, Nimbkar N (2006) Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Oil Seed Crops 6:167–194
Son H-J, Kang J-H, Song KB (2017) Antimicrobial activity of safflower seed meal extract and its
application as an antimicrobial agent for the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated
on fresh lettuce. LWT Food Sci Technol 85:52–57
Takahashi T, Miyazawa M (2012) Potent α-Glucosidase inhibitors from safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L.) seed. Phytother Res 26(5):722–726
Takeuchi H, Matsuo T, Tokuyama K, Shimomura Y, Suzuki M (1995) Diet-induced thermogenesis
is lower in rats fed a lard diet than in those fed a high oleic acid safflower oil diet, a safflower oil
diet or a linseed oil diet. J Nutr 125(4):920
Takii T, Hayashi M, Hiroma H, Chiba T, Kawashima S, Zhang HL, Nagatsu A, Sakakibara J,
Onozaki K (1999) Serotonin derivative, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, isolated from safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil cake augments the proliferation of normal human and mouse
fibroblasts in synergy with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or epidermal growth factor
(EGF). J Biochem 125(5):910–915
Takii T, Kawashima S, Chiba T, Hayashi H, Hayashi M, Hiroma H, Kimura H, Inukai Y, Shibata Y,
Nagatsu A (2003) Multiple mechanisms involved in the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine
production from human monocytes by N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin and its derivatives. Int
Immunopharmacol 3(2):273–277
Takimoto T, Suzuki K, Arisaka H, Murata T, Ozaki H, Koyama N (2011) Effect of
N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin and N-feruloylserotonin, major anti-atherogenic polyphenols in
safflower seed, on vasodilation, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Mol Nutr Food Res 55(10):1561–1571
452
M. Nazir et al.