Tanwar B, Modgil R, Goyal A (2018) Antinutritional factors and hypocholesterolemic effect of
wild apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca L.) as affected by detoxification. Food Funct 9(4):2121–
2135
Tanwar B, Modgil R, Goyal A (2019) Effect of detoxification on biological quality of wild apricot
(Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel. J Sci Food Agric 99(2):517–528
Tetley TD (2005) Inflammatory cells and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Drug Targets
Inflam Allergy 4(6):607–618
Toma W, Guimarães LL, Brito AR, Santos AR, Cortez FS, Pusceddu FH, Cesar A, S Júnior L,
Pacheco MT, Pereira CD (2014) Safflower oil: an integrated assessment of phytochemistry,
antiulcerogenic activity, and rodent and environmental toxicity. Revista Brasileira de
Farmacognosia 24 (5):538–544
Toombs EL (2005) Cosmetics in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Dermatol Clin 23(3):575–581
Tovar MJ, Motilva MJ, Romero MP (2001) Changes in the phenolic composition of virgin olive oil
from young trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Arbequina) grown under linear irrigation strategies. J
Agric Food Chem 49(11):5502–5508
Vavilov NI (1951) The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Soil Sci 72
(6):482
Weiss E (1971) Castor, sesame and safflower. Leonard Hill Books, London
Woods JA, Vieira VJ, Keylock KT (2009) Exercise, inflammation, and innate immunity. Immunol
Allergy Clin North Am 29(2):381–393
Yamamotova A, Pometlova M, Harmatha J, Rašková H, Rokyta R (2007) The selective effect of
N-feruloylserotonins isolated from Leuzea carthamoides on nociception and anxiety in rats. J
Ethnopharmacol 112(2):368–374
Yasukawa K, Akihisa T, Kasahara Y, Kaminaga T, Kanno H, Kumaki K, Tamura T, Takido M
(1996) Inhibitory effect of alkane-6, 8-diols, the components of safflower, on tumor promotion
by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology
53(2):133–136
Yeh S-L, Chao C-H, Lin M-T, Chen W-J (2000) Effects of parenteral infusion with medium-chain
triglycerides and safflower oil emulsions on hepatic lipids, plasma amino acids and inflammatory mediators in septic rats. Clin Nutr 19(2):115–120
Yoo HH, Park JH, Kwon SW (2006) An anti-estrogenic lignan glycoside, tracheloside, from seeds
of Carthamus tinctorius. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70(11):2783–2785
Yu S-Y, Lee Y-J, Kim J-D, Kang S-N, Lee S-K, Jang J-Y, Lee H-K, Lim J-H, Lee O-H (2013)
Phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and anti-adipogenic effect of hot water extract from
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed. Nutrients 5(12):4894–4907
Zhang HL, Nagatsu A, Watanabe T, Okuyama H (1997) Antioxidative compounds isolated from
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil cake. Chem Pharm Bull 45(12):1910–1914
Zhang Z, Li Q, Liu F, Sun Y, Zhang J (2010) Prevention of diet-induced obesity by safflower oil:
insights at the levels of PPARα, orexin, and ghrelin gene expression of adipocytes in mice. Acta
Biochim Biophys Sin 42(3):202–208
Zhao G, Gai Y, Chu W-J, Qin G-W, Guo L-H (2009) A novel compound N 1, N 5-(Z)-N 10-(E)-trip-coumaroylspermidine isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L. and acting by serotonin transporter inhibition. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 19(10):749–758
Zhou X, Tang L, Xu Y, Zhou G, Wang Z (2014) Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses
of Carthamus tinctorius L. in traditional Chinese medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol 151(1):27–43
17 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Seed
453
wild apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca L.) as affected by detoxification. Food Funct 9(4):2121–
2135
Tanwar B, Modgil R, Goyal A (2019) Effect of detoxification on biological quality of wild apricot
(Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel. J Sci Food Agric 99(2):517–528
Tetley TD (2005) Inflammatory cells and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Drug Targets
Inflam Allergy 4(6):607–618
Toma W, Guimarães LL, Brito AR, Santos AR, Cortez FS, Pusceddu FH, Cesar A, S Júnior L,
Pacheco MT, Pereira CD (2014) Safflower oil: an integrated assessment of phytochemistry,
antiulcerogenic activity, and rodent and environmental toxicity. Revista Brasileira de
Farmacognosia 24 (5):538–544
Toombs EL (2005) Cosmetics in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Dermatol Clin 23(3):575–581
Tovar MJ, Motilva MJ, Romero MP (2001) Changes in the phenolic composition of virgin olive oil
from young trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Arbequina) grown under linear irrigation strategies. J
Agric Food Chem 49(11):5502–5508
Vavilov NI (1951) The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Soil Sci 72
(6):482
Weiss E (1971) Castor, sesame and safflower. Leonard Hill Books, London
Woods JA, Vieira VJ, Keylock KT (2009) Exercise, inflammation, and innate immunity. Immunol
Allergy Clin North Am 29(2):381–393
Yamamotova A, Pometlova M, Harmatha J, Rašková H, Rokyta R (2007) The selective effect of
N-feruloylserotonins isolated from Leuzea carthamoides on nociception and anxiety in rats. J
Ethnopharmacol 112(2):368–374
Yasukawa K, Akihisa T, Kasahara Y, Kaminaga T, Kanno H, Kumaki K, Tamura T, Takido M
(1996) Inhibitory effect of alkane-6, 8-diols, the components of safflower, on tumor promotion
by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology
53(2):133–136
Yeh S-L, Chao C-H, Lin M-T, Chen W-J (2000) Effects of parenteral infusion with medium-chain
triglycerides and safflower oil emulsions on hepatic lipids, plasma amino acids and inflammatory mediators in septic rats. Clin Nutr 19(2):115–120
Yoo HH, Park JH, Kwon SW (2006) An anti-estrogenic lignan glycoside, tracheloside, from seeds
of Carthamus tinctorius. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70(11):2783–2785
Yu S-Y, Lee Y-J, Kim J-D, Kang S-N, Lee S-K, Jang J-Y, Lee H-K, Lim J-H, Lee O-H (2013)
Phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and anti-adipogenic effect of hot water extract from
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed. Nutrients 5(12):4894–4907
Zhang HL, Nagatsu A, Watanabe T, Okuyama H (1997) Antioxidative compounds isolated from
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil cake. Chem Pharm Bull 45(12):1910–1914
Zhang Z, Li Q, Liu F, Sun Y, Zhang J (2010) Prevention of diet-induced obesity by safflower oil:
insights at the levels of PPARα, orexin, and ghrelin gene expression of adipocytes in mice. Acta
Biochim Biophys Sin 42(3):202–208
Zhao G, Gai Y, Chu W-J, Qin G-W, Guo L-H (2009) A novel compound N 1, N 5-(Z)-N 10-(E)-trip-coumaroylspermidine isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L. and acting by serotonin transporter inhibition. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 19(10):749–758
Zhou X, Tang L, Xu Y, Zhou G, Wang Z (2014) Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses
of Carthamus tinctorius L. in traditional Chinese medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol 151(1):27–43
17 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Seed
453