Reed GW, Leung K, Rossetti RG, VanBuskirk S, Sharp JT, Zurier RB (2014) Treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis with marine and botanical oils: an 18-month, randomized, and doubleblind trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/
857456
Rio-Celestino MD, Font R, de Haro-Bailón A (2008) Distribution of fatty acids in edible organs and
seed fractions of borage (Borago officinalis L.). J Sci Food Agric 88(2):248–255
Robbins RJ (2003) Phenolic acids in foods: an overview of analytical methodology. J Agric Food
Chem 51(10):2866–2887
Roberts MJ (2000). Edible & medicinal flowers. New Africa Books. p 8. ISBN: 9780864864673
Rocha J, Eduardo-Figueira M, Barateiro A, Fernandes A, Brites D, Bronze R, Duarte CM, Serra
AT, Pinto R, Freitas M, Fernandes E (2015) Anti-inflammatory effect of rosmarinic acid and an
extract of Rosmarinus officinalis in rat models of local and systemic inflammation. Basic Clin
Pharmacol Toxicol 116(5):398–413
Ryan AS, Astwood JD, Gautier S, Kuratko CN, Nelson EB, Salem N Jr (2010) Effects of long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on neurodevelopment in childhood: a review of
human studies. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 82(4–6):305–314
Schirmer MA, Phinney SD (2007) γ-linolenate reduces weight regain in formerly obese humans. J
Nutr 137(6):1430–1435
Selvi F, Coppi A, Bigazzi M (2006) Karyotype variation, evolution and phylogeny in Borago
(Boraginaceae), with emphasis on subgenus Buglossites in the Corso-Sardinian system. Ann
Bot 98:857–868
Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH (2016) Gamma-linolenic acid, dihommo-gamma linolenic,
eicosanoids and inflammatory processes. Eur J Pharmacol 785:77–86
Simon D, Eng PA, Borelli S, Kägi R, Zimmermann C, Zahner C, Drewe J, Hess L, Ferrari G,
Lautenschlager S, Wüthrich B (2014) Gamma-linolenic acid levels correlate with clinical
efficacy of evening primrose oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Adv Ther 31(2):180–188
Sovova H, Zarevucka M, Vacek M, Stránský K (2001) Solubility of two vegetable oils in
supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 20(1):15–28
Szterk A, Roszko M, Sosińska E, Derewiaka D, Lewicki PP (2010) Chemical composition and
oxidative stability of selected plant oils. J Am Oil Chem Soc 87(6):637–645
Takahashi Y, Ide T, Fujita H (2000) Dietary gamma-linolenic acid in the form of borage oil causes
less body fat accumulation accompanying an increase in uncoupling protein 1 mRNA level in
brown adipose tissue. Comp Biochem Physiol B: Biochem Mol Biol 127(2):213–222
Tamariz J, Burgueño-Tapia E, Vázquez MA, Delgado F (2018) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In: The
alkaloids: chemistry and biology, vol 80. Academic Press, pp 1–314
Tanaka A, Amagai Y, Oida K, Matsuda H (2015) Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid prevents the development of atopic dermatitis through prostaglandin D1 production in NC/Tnd mice. Allergy Eur
JAllergy Clin Immunol 70:30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.010
Tasset-Cuevas I, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Lozano-Baena MD, Campos-Sánchez J, de Haro-Bailón A,
Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga Á (2013) Protective effect of borage seed oil and gamma
linolenic acid on DNA: in vivo and in vitro studies. PLoS One 8(2):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0056986
Thurmond DC, Tang AB, Nakamura MT, Stern JS, Phinney SD (1993) Time dependent effects of
progressive g-linolenate feeding on hyperphagia, weight gain, and erythrocyte fatty acid
composition during growth of Zucker obese rats. Obes Res 1:118–125
USDA (2019). https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170481/nutrients. Accessed
10 October 2019
Vacillotto G, Favretto D, Seraglia R, Pagiotti R, Traldi P, Mattoli L (2013) A rapid and highly
specific method to evaluate the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Borago officinalis seed oil.
J Mass Spectrom 48(10):1078–1082
Vander Cruyssen B, Van Looy S, Wyns B, Westhovens R, Durez P, Van den Bosch F, Veys EM,
Mielants H, De Clerck L, Peretz A, Malaise M, Verbruggen L, Vastesaeger N, Geldhof A,
Boullart L, De Keyser F (2005) DAS28 best reflects the physician’s clinical judgment of
370
B. Tanwar et al.
rheumatoid arthritis with marine and botanical oils: an 18-month, randomized, and doubleblind trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/
857456
Rio-Celestino MD, Font R, de Haro-Bailón A (2008) Distribution of fatty acids in edible organs and
seed fractions of borage (Borago officinalis L.). J Sci Food Agric 88(2):248–255
Robbins RJ (2003) Phenolic acids in foods: an overview of analytical methodology. J Agric Food
Chem 51(10):2866–2887
Roberts MJ (2000). Edible & medicinal flowers. New Africa Books. p 8. ISBN: 9780864864673
Rocha J, Eduardo-Figueira M, Barateiro A, Fernandes A, Brites D, Bronze R, Duarte CM, Serra
AT, Pinto R, Freitas M, Fernandes E (2015) Anti-inflammatory effect of rosmarinic acid and an
extract of Rosmarinus officinalis in rat models of local and systemic inflammation. Basic Clin
Pharmacol Toxicol 116(5):398–413
Ryan AS, Astwood JD, Gautier S, Kuratko CN, Nelson EB, Salem N Jr (2010) Effects of long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on neurodevelopment in childhood: a review of
human studies. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 82(4–6):305–314
Schirmer MA, Phinney SD (2007) γ-linolenate reduces weight regain in formerly obese humans. J
Nutr 137(6):1430–1435
Selvi F, Coppi A, Bigazzi M (2006) Karyotype variation, evolution and phylogeny in Borago
(Boraginaceae), with emphasis on subgenus Buglossites in the Corso-Sardinian system. Ann
Bot 98:857–868
Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH (2016) Gamma-linolenic acid, dihommo-gamma linolenic,
eicosanoids and inflammatory processes. Eur J Pharmacol 785:77–86
Simon D, Eng PA, Borelli S, Kägi R, Zimmermann C, Zahner C, Drewe J, Hess L, Ferrari G,
Lautenschlager S, Wüthrich B (2014) Gamma-linolenic acid levels correlate with clinical
efficacy of evening primrose oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Adv Ther 31(2):180–188
Sovova H, Zarevucka M, Vacek M, Stránský K (2001) Solubility of two vegetable oils in
supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 20(1):15–28
Szterk A, Roszko M, Sosińska E, Derewiaka D, Lewicki PP (2010) Chemical composition and
oxidative stability of selected plant oils. J Am Oil Chem Soc 87(6):637–645
Takahashi Y, Ide T, Fujita H (2000) Dietary gamma-linolenic acid in the form of borage oil causes
less body fat accumulation accompanying an increase in uncoupling protein 1 mRNA level in
brown adipose tissue. Comp Biochem Physiol B: Biochem Mol Biol 127(2):213–222
Tamariz J, Burgueño-Tapia E, Vázquez MA, Delgado F (2018) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In: The
alkaloids: chemistry and biology, vol 80. Academic Press, pp 1–314
Tanaka A, Amagai Y, Oida K, Matsuda H (2015) Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid prevents the development of atopic dermatitis through prostaglandin D1 production in NC/Tnd mice. Allergy Eur
JAllergy Clin Immunol 70:30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.010
Tasset-Cuevas I, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Lozano-Baena MD, Campos-Sánchez J, de Haro-Bailón A,
Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga Á (2013) Protective effect of borage seed oil and gamma
linolenic acid on DNA: in vivo and in vitro studies. PLoS One 8(2):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0056986
Thurmond DC, Tang AB, Nakamura MT, Stern JS, Phinney SD (1993) Time dependent effects of
progressive g-linolenate feeding on hyperphagia, weight gain, and erythrocyte fatty acid
composition during growth of Zucker obese rats. Obes Res 1:118–125
USDA (2019). https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170481/nutrients. Accessed
10 October 2019
Vacillotto G, Favretto D, Seraglia R, Pagiotti R, Traldi P, Mattoli L (2013) A rapid and highly
specific method to evaluate the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Borago officinalis seed oil.
J Mass Spectrom 48(10):1078–1082
Vander Cruyssen B, Van Looy S, Wyns B, Westhovens R, Durez P, Van den Bosch F, Veys EM,
Mielants H, De Clerck L, Peretz A, Malaise M, Verbruggen L, Vastesaeger N, Geldhof A,
Boullart L, De Keyser F (2005) DAS28 best reflects the physician’s clinical judgment of
370
B. Tanwar et al.