Kristensen M, Jensen MG, Aarestrup J, Petersen KEN, Søndergaard L, Mikkelsen MS, Astrup A
(2012) Flaxseed dietary fibers lower cholesterol and increase fecal fat excretion, but magnitude
of effect depend on food type. Nutr Metab 9:8
Kritchevsky D (1979) Metabolic effects of dietary fiber (clinical nutrition symposium). West J Med
130:123–127
Kritchevsky D (1995) Fiber effects of hyperlipidemia. In: Cunnane SC, Thompson LUE (eds)
Flaxseed in human nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, pp 174–186
Lanzmann-Petithory D, Pueyo S, Renaud S (2002) Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
by alphalinolenic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 76:1456–1457
Lauretani F, Maggio M, Pizzarelli F, Michelassi S, Ruggiero C, Ceda GP, Bandinelli L, Ferrucci L
(2009) Omega-3 and renal function in older adults. Curr Pharm Design 15(36):4149–4156
Leyvaa DR, Zahradkab P, Ramjiawanc B, Guzmanc R, Alianid M, Piercea GN (2011) The effect of
dietary flaxseed on improving symptoms of cardiovascular disease in patients with peripheral
artery disease: rationale and design of the FLAX-PAD randomized controlled trial. Contemp
Clin Trials 32(5):724–730
Li X, Lu J, Xia Z, Qiao C (2008) Application of flaxseed gum in stirred yoghurt production. Food
Sci 29(12):331–335
Lim CW, Norziah MH, Lu HFS (2010) Effect of flaxseed oil towards physico-chemical and sensory
characteristics of reduced fat ice-cream and its stability in ice cream upon storage. Int Food Res J
17:393–403
Lipilina E, Ganji V (2009) Incorporation of ground flaxseed into bakery products and its effect on
sensory and nutritional characteristics-a pilot study. J Foodservice 20(1):52–59
Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, Stoecker BJ, Arjmandi BH
(2002) Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in
postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(4):1527–1532
Lukaszewicz M, Szopa J, Krasowska A (2004) Susceptibility of lipids from different flax cultivars
to per oxidation and its lowering by added antioxidants. Food Chem 88:225–231
Ma L (2009) Endocrine disruptors in female reproductive tract development and carcinogenesis.
Trends Endocrinol Metab 20:357–363
MacDonald-Wicks LK, Garg ML (2002) Modulation of carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative
stress by dietary fat in rats (open star). J Nutr Biochem 13:87–95
Madhusudhan B (2009) Potential benefits of flaxseed in health and disease-a perspective. Agric
Conspec Sci 74(2):67–72
Malkki Y (2004) Trends in dietary fiber research and development: a review. Acta Aliment
33:39–62
Mani UV, Mani I, Biswas M, Kumar SN (2011) An open-label study on the effect of flax seed
powder (Linumusitatissimum) supplementation in the management of diabetes mellitus. J
Dietary Suppl 8(3):257–265
Mano H, Yuasa T, Kameda T, Miyazawa K, Nakamaru Y, Shiokawa M, Mori Y, Yamada T,
Miyata K, Shindo H, Azuma H, Hakeda Y, Kumegawa M (1996) Mammalian mature osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 223:637–642
Marambe HK, Shand PJ, Wanasundara JPD (2008) An in vitro investigation of selected biological
activities of hydrolysed flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) proteins. J Am Oil Chem Soc
85:1155–1164
Marambe HK, Shand PJ, Wanasundara JPD (2011) Release of angiotensin I-converting enzyme
inhibitory peptides from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) protein under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. J Agric Food Chem 59:9596–9604
Martinez-Flores H, Barrera E, Garnica-Romo M, Penagos C, Saavedra J, Macazaga-Alvarez R
(2006) Functional characteristics of protein flaxseed concentrated obtained applying a response
surface methodology. J Food Sci 71:495–498
Matumoto-Pintroa PT, Petita HV, Giroux HJ, Cortes C, Agnona NG, Britten M (2011) Effect of
flaxseed lignans added to milk or fed to cows on oxidative degradation of dairy beverages
enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Dairy Res 78(1):111–117
10 Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum)
279
(2012) Flaxseed dietary fibers lower cholesterol and increase fecal fat excretion, but magnitude
of effect depend on food type. Nutr Metab 9:8
Kritchevsky D (1979) Metabolic effects of dietary fiber (clinical nutrition symposium). West J Med
130:123–127
Kritchevsky D (1995) Fiber effects of hyperlipidemia. In: Cunnane SC, Thompson LUE (eds)
Flaxseed in human nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, pp 174–186
Lanzmann-Petithory D, Pueyo S, Renaud S (2002) Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
by alphalinolenic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 76:1456–1457
Lauretani F, Maggio M, Pizzarelli F, Michelassi S, Ruggiero C, Ceda GP, Bandinelli L, Ferrucci L
(2009) Omega-3 and renal function in older adults. Curr Pharm Design 15(36):4149–4156
Leyvaa DR, Zahradkab P, Ramjiawanc B, Guzmanc R, Alianid M, Piercea GN (2011) The effect of
dietary flaxseed on improving symptoms of cardiovascular disease in patients with peripheral
artery disease: rationale and design of the FLAX-PAD randomized controlled trial. Contemp
Clin Trials 32(5):724–730
Li X, Lu J, Xia Z, Qiao C (2008) Application of flaxseed gum in stirred yoghurt production. Food
Sci 29(12):331–335
Lim CW, Norziah MH, Lu HFS (2010) Effect of flaxseed oil towards physico-chemical and sensory
characteristics of reduced fat ice-cream and its stability in ice cream upon storage. Int Food Res J
17:393–403
Lipilina E, Ganji V (2009) Incorporation of ground flaxseed into bakery products and its effect on
sensory and nutritional characteristics-a pilot study. J Foodservice 20(1):52–59
Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, Stoecker BJ, Arjmandi BH
(2002) Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in
postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(4):1527–1532
Lukaszewicz M, Szopa J, Krasowska A (2004) Susceptibility of lipids from different flax cultivars
to per oxidation and its lowering by added antioxidants. Food Chem 88:225–231
Ma L (2009) Endocrine disruptors in female reproductive tract development and carcinogenesis.
Trends Endocrinol Metab 20:357–363
MacDonald-Wicks LK, Garg ML (2002) Modulation of carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative
stress by dietary fat in rats (open star). J Nutr Biochem 13:87–95
Madhusudhan B (2009) Potential benefits of flaxseed in health and disease-a perspective. Agric
Conspec Sci 74(2):67–72
Malkki Y (2004) Trends in dietary fiber research and development: a review. Acta Aliment
33:39–62
Mani UV, Mani I, Biswas M, Kumar SN (2011) An open-label study on the effect of flax seed
powder (Linumusitatissimum) supplementation in the management of diabetes mellitus. J
Dietary Suppl 8(3):257–265
Mano H, Yuasa T, Kameda T, Miyazawa K, Nakamaru Y, Shiokawa M, Mori Y, Yamada T,
Miyata K, Shindo H, Azuma H, Hakeda Y, Kumegawa M (1996) Mammalian mature osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 223:637–642
Marambe HK, Shand PJ, Wanasundara JPD (2008) An in vitro investigation of selected biological
activities of hydrolysed flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) proteins. J Am Oil Chem Soc
85:1155–1164
Marambe HK, Shand PJ, Wanasundara JPD (2011) Release of angiotensin I-converting enzyme
inhibitory peptides from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) protein under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. J Agric Food Chem 59:9596–9604
Martinez-Flores H, Barrera E, Garnica-Romo M, Penagos C, Saavedra J, Macazaga-Alvarez R
(2006) Functional characteristics of protein flaxseed concentrated obtained applying a response
surface methodology. J Food Sci 71:495–498
Matumoto-Pintroa PT, Petita HV, Giroux HJ, Cortes C, Agnona NG, Britten M (2011) Effect of
flaxseed lignans added to milk or fed to cows on oxidative degradation of dairy beverages
enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Dairy Res 78(1):111–117
10 Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum)
279